A study on prognostic significance of neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in patients with stemi

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A well known fact about acute myocardial infarction is its association with leukocytosis. The differential analysis of white blood cells gives additional benefit of assessing ACS severity by clinical outcomes. Obtaining peripheral leukocyte count is a cheap and widely available mode. We wanted to evaluating the role of NLR in determining the prognosis of and risk of major post-STEMI adverse events. NLR is A DYNAMIC VALUE depending on the progression of critical illness. It is not clear when NLR values should be calculated to offer the best prognostic value for STEMI patients. Therefore, our second objective was to identify the predictive value of NLR calculated at different time points in patients presenting with STEMI. METHODS: 55 patients with STEMI were included in the study. Baseline demographic data were obtained like Age and Gender, Cardiovascular diseases risk factors (history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking) and Laboratory data (triglyceride, fasting blood sugar (FBS), urea, creatinine, WBC count, platelet count, MCV (mean corpuscular volume), and NLR were entered into a checklist. Correlation of NLR, neutrophil and lymphocyte at different point of time and different complications related to MI were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean age of the patients was 52.08 years. About 41.4% had hypertension, 18.9% had hyperlipidemia (15 subjects), 11.4% were smokers, 9% had history of alcohol drinking, 13.6% had history of cardiovascular diseases, and 20% had history of diabetes mellitus. The 24 hr high neutrophil group had lowest LVEF (P<0.05) while there was no significant difference in the length of hospital stay between the high and low NLR group. Hypotension and arrhythmia was observed significantly less frequently in low NLR (24.35% patients) & (5.65%) than high NLR group (43.91%, patients) & (20.00%) respectively but with no statistical significance. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: Higher NLR and neutrophil count was also associated with higher incidence of failure and arrhythmia following STEMI. NLR assessments which are routinely performed and universally available may be considered in clinical practice for prediction of post MI complications. In patients with STEMI when combined with standardized risk score such an association might provide an additional prognostic value for risk stratification

Predicting influenza hospitalizations

textSeasonal influenza epidemics are a major public health concern, causing three to five million cases of severe illness and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide. Given the unpredictability of these epidemics, hospitals and health authorities are often left unprepared to handle the sudden surge in demand. Hence early detection of disease activity is fundamental to reduce the burden on the healthcare system, to provide the most effective care for infected patients and to optimize the timing of control efforts. Early detection requires reliable forecasting methods that make efficient use of surveillance data. We developed a dynamic Bayesian estimator to predict weekly hospitalizations due to influenza related illnesses in the state of Texas. The prediction of peak hospitalizations using our model is accurate both in terms of number of hospitalizations and the time at which the peak occurs. For 1-to 8 week predictions, the predicted number of hospitalizations was within 8% of actual value and the predicted time of occurrence was within a week of actual peak.Statistic

STUDY OF ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITY OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN CORRELATION WITH ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY

Objective: The objective of this research was to develop a polyherbal formulation using four different herbs using obese diabetic rat's model. Methods: Rats received high-fat diet and alloxan was injected intraperitoneal to rats for induction of diabetes. In the preventive experiment, diabetic rats received Momordica charantia Linn. (200 and 400 mg/kg/day p.o), Eugenia jambolana Linn. (200 and 400 mg/kg/day p.o), Ziziphus mauritiana (200 and 400 mg/kg/day p.o), Acacia catechu (AC) (200 and 400 mg/kg/day p.o), and aqueous extract of all extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg/day p.o). Diabetic rats were also treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg p.o.) and orlistat (60 mg/kg/day p.o.) as reference standards. Results: The results showed that the extract of M. charantia Linn., E. jambolana Linn., Z. mauritiana, and AC significantly (p&lt;0.05) inhibited body weight gain, blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and fasting blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Extracts treated rats at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg improved dyslipidemia in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats by enhancing their lipid metabolism when compared to the HFD control. Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly showed that taken together the extract of M. charantia Linn., E. jambolana Linn., Z. mauritiana Lam. AC Willd., and aqueous extract of all extracts has potential as a preventive agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (and possibly obesity) and deserves clinical trial in the near future

DEVELOPMENT OF POLYHERBAL WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Objective: The objective of this research was to develop a polyherbal formulation (PHF) using four different herbs and to evaluate their phytochemicals, physical constants, and determination of their antioxidant activity by DPPH method.Methods: The PHF authenticated herbs were characterized by studying its morphological and pharmacognostic characters. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, amino acid, tannin, steroids, and flavonoids in the combination extract. Physical parameters such as loss on drying (LOD), pH, ash values, LOD, and extractive value have been studied. The antioxidant activity of the combination of extract (100 mg each) was determined using DPPH free radical scavenging method.Results: The results showed that the combination extract has best antioxidant effect at a dose of 400 μg/ml when it was compared with ascorbic acid as the reference standard.Conclusion: The results obtained in this research work clearly showed that the combination extract has best antioxidant effect at a dose of 400 μg/ ml when it was compared with ascorbic acid as the reference standard.Â

IN VITRO-IN VIVO CORRELATIONSHIP APPROACH OF THE PREPARED MAGNETIC MICROSPHERES OF CYTARABINE

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the in vitro-in vivo correlationship between the magnetic microspheres prepared by continuous solvent evaporation (CSE) method by 32 factorial designs. Methods: CSE technique was used in the preparation of magnetic microspheres. Drug used was cytarabine and mice were the animal model used to check the correlationship. Results: The profiles are nearly identical and reveal that drug absorption is rapid. The in vivo drug absorbed was found to be in concordance with the in vitro release as seen in the superimposable curves. Conclusion: Cytarabine effectively reduces the amount of drug released and consequently absorbed in vivo in the initial phase

In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Poly(ethylene glycol) Conjugated Ibuprofen to Extend the Duration of Action

Ibuprofen–polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates (PEG-Ibu) were prepared and their potential as a prolonged release system was investigated. Two PEG-Ibu conjugates were synthesized from Ibuprofen and PEG with two different molecular weights by esterification in the presence of DCC and DMAP. The PEG-Ibu conjugates were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, Mass spectroscopy and DSC analysis. The solubility study in aqueous system showed an increase in solubility of conjugates. The dissolution / hydrolysis studies showed a specific acid–base catalysis pattern dependent on the pH of the medium. This indicated a good chemical stability in aqueous buffer solution of acidic medium and the extended release behavior was found in both prodrugs after 9 hour. The results demonstrate that, in the same condition, the rate of hydrolysis for PEG4000-Ibu is slower than other. The Writhing induced by acetic acid experiment and paw edema test after oral administration showed that both conjugates had extended analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects compared with Ibuprofen. These results suggest that PEG-Ibu could be a promising NSAID prodrug with an extended pharmacological effect owing to delayed-release of parent drug

ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CITRULLUS LANATUS SEEDS IN RATS

Objective: Aim of the present study is to evaluate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effect of methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds (MECL) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (65 mg/kg) in citrate buffer, while the normal control group was given the vehicle only. After three days of induction of diabetes, the diabetic animals were treated further four weeks with MECL (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (4 mg/kg). Blood glucose level was estimated every week of the study starting from d 1. At the end of study period, biochemical estimations of blood i.e. lipid profile was performed and animals were sacrificed to carry out liver glycogen estimations.Results: At the end of study period, i.e. 28 d, STZ-induced rats showed marked hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Body weight was reduced and the blood sugar level was significantly elevated in diabetic rats. The four-week treatment with MECL in a concentration of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg significantly reversed the elevated levels of fasting blood glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, liver glycogen, glycosylated haemoglobin with increase in body weight of diabetic rats.Conclusion: Thus the present study suggested the useful potential of Citrullus lanatus seed in diabetes due to its antidiabetic, hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties.Â

In vivo study on murine species using Cytarabine magnetic microspheres

Cytarabine magnetic microspheres were formulated and checked for their antileukemic potential. Leukemia was persuaded in the Wister strain of rat by intravenous injection of benzene. Blood was procured and various hematological parameters were noted and compared. Animals were divided into four groups, antileukemial potential was found to be maximum in case of magnetic microspheres of Cytarabine. The study shows the Antileukemic potential of Cytarabine magnetic microspheres

METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ASCORBIC ACID AND FOLIC ACID VITAMINS BY REVERSE-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD IN CYANOBACTERIAL METABOLITES AND NUTRACEUTICAL FORMULATION

Objective: It was aimed to estimate ascorbic acid (ASC) and folic acid (FLC) in cyanobacterial metabolite by the reverse-phase high-performanceliquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, and the work was also extended to nutraceutical formulation.Methods: RP-HPLC method were developed for simultaneous estimation of two vitamins ASC and FLC in cyanobacterial metabolite and nutraceuticalusing isosbestic point at wavelength 280 nm. Method was selected after calculating system suitability and validated as per ICH guidelines.Results: The developed analytical method parameters found within limits prescribed by ICH and USP guidelines. The retention time was found to be2.334 and 3.892, respectively, for ASC and FLC. Limit of detection and limit of quantification for ASC and FLC were found to be 0.087 and 0.263 µg/ml,0.052 and 0.159 µg/ml, respectively. Recovery studies show that method is capable of recovering analytes from its formulation. The method is meetingthe criteria for validation as per the guidelines.Conclusion: The method is simple, precise, specific, and accurate. The newly developed method can be used in pharmaceutical industry for routineanalysis of ASC and FLC in tablet dosage form.Keywords: Cyanobacteria, Nutraceutical, Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, Ascorbic acid, Folic acid, Vitamins, Metabolites

Synthesis and Evaluation of Phenol Derivatives of Sulfonyl Chloride Quinoxaline

The objective of the present study was to synthesize some new 7-sulfonate of 2, 3- Diphenyl quinoxaline which are more potential as antibacterial than parent quinoxalines. The present study was synthesis of derivatives of sulfonyl chloride quinoxaline and physicochemical and spectral characterization, in vitro antimicrobial screening against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.The concentration of derivatives used as 200 and 400 microgram initially. When 200 µg concentrations was used R6 shows sensitivity towards S. aureus and R6 shows sensitivity towards gram negative E. coli organism. When 400 µg used then R3, R5, and R6 shows sensitivity in case of gram positive organism. And in case of gram negative organism R5, R6 shows sensitivity.Azithromycin is used as Reference drug and a comparative study was done. As compare to reference drug all derivatives shows less sensitivity than S- Standard and R- quinoxaline derivatives. Keywords: Diphenyl quinoxaline, QSAR, Quinoxaline, Phenol derivative