Characteristics of participants, perinatal socio-cultural study, Bangalore.

<p>Characteristics of participants, perinatal socio-cultural study, Bangalore.</p

Deuterium dilution technique for body composition assessment: resolving methodological issues in children with moderate acute malnutrition

<p>Childhood malnutrition is highly prevalent and associated with high mortality risk. In observational and interventional studies among malnourished children, body composition is increasingly recognised as a key outcome. The deuterium dilution technique has generated high-quality data on body composition in studies of infants and young children in several settings, but its feasibility and accuracy in children suffering from moderate acute malnutrition requires further study. Prior to a large nutritional intervention trial among children with moderate acute malnutrition, we conducted pilot work to develop and adapt the deuterium dilution technique. We refined procedures for administration of isotope doses and collection of saliva. Furthermore, we established that equilibration time in local context is 3 h. These findings and the resulting standard operating procedures are important to improve data quality when using the deuterium dilution technique in malnutrition studies in field conditions, and may encourage a wider use of isotope techniques.</p

Additional file 1: of The role of vitamin D in pre-eclampsia: a systematic review

PRISMA Checklist. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: PRISMA. (DOC 63 kb

Characteristics of the study sample.

<p><i>p</i>-values indicate whether sample characteristics differ significantly in rural and urban respondents.</p>a<p>Mean dietary fat intake (grams per day).</p>b<p>Mean leisure time physical activity (MET hours per day).</p>c<p>HOMA score excludes doctor diagnosed diabetes cases and cases where fasting blood glucose > = 7 mmol/l.</p><p>doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001459.t001</p

Unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios for duration of bicycling and walking to work and overweight/obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

<p>Duration of travel = minutes for total daily journey to and from work.</p>a<p>Unadjusted risk ratio.</p>b<p>Adjusted risk ratio: adjusted for age, sex, caste, SLI, occupation, factory location, leisure time physical activity, fat intake, smoking status, alcohol intake with an individual-specific random effect of sib-pair.</p><p>doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001459.t006</p

Percent using different travel modes to work and duration of travel in urban and rural dwellers.

<p>Duration of travel = minutes for total daily journey to and from work.</p><p>doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001459.t002</p

Mode of travel to work by respondent characteristics.

<p><i>p</i>-Values indicate whether sample characteristics differ significantly by mode of travel to work.</p>a<p>Undertaking any leisure time physical activity in the past month.</p><p>doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001459.t003</p

Unadjusted and adjusted risk ratios (with 95% CI) for mode of travel to work and overweight and obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

<p>Percentages refer to the prevalence of each CVD risk factor by mode of travel to work.</p>a<p>Unadjusted risk ratio.</p>b<p>Adjusted risk ratio: adjusted for age, sex, caste, standard of living, occupation, factory location, leisure time physical activity, fat intake, smoking status, alcohol intake with an individual-specific random effect of sib-pair.</p>c<p>Undiagnosed hypertension = SBP>140 mm Hg or DBP>90 mm Hg excluding those with doctor reported hypertension.</p>d<p>Undiagnosed diabetes = fasting blood glucose ≥7 mmol/l excluding those with doctor reported diabetes.</p><p>doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001459.t004</p

Distribution of physical activity variables by sex and migrant status (mean, [SD], geometric mean [95% CI] or percentage, [95% CI]).

<p>Data presented in the table are means standard deviation (SD), except MVPA and TV viewing (geometric mean (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]) and PAL categories which are percentages (95% CI).</p><p>PAL = Physical Activity Level (<i>extremely inactive lifestyle</i>, PAL<1.40; <i>sedentary/lightly active lifestyle</i>, PAL 1.4–1.69; <i>moderately active lifestyle</i>, PAL 1.70–1.99, <i>very active lifestyle</i>, PAL≥2.0).</p><p>P-value based on regression models with physical activity variables as the outcome, adjusting for age and factory site, and using robust standard errors to account for clustering, log-transforming moderate/vigorous activity and television viewing and performing Wald tests on model parameters.</p

Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for migrant status (migrant vs. rural and migrant vs. urban) by Total Activity (MET hr/day) for women within the IMS.

<p>Data presented are odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). OR presented are odds of being a migrant compared to a rural or urban participant across categories of Total Activity (MET hr/day).</p><p>P-trend (non-linear) from logistic regression using migrant status as the outcome and categories of Total Activity (MET hr/day) as the exposure variable, adjusting as specified in models above.</p