Fabricating multifunctional nanoparticles bonded to enzymatically oxidized fabrics for their various applications

381-388An effective procedure for obtaining fragrance finished fabric based on cellulose and chitosan has been developed. The first step involves the formation of oxidized cellulose, which is able to form a schiff’s base with the chitosan. In order to maintain the strength of fabric, a novel enzymatic method for oxidation of cellulose is adopted. In the second step, chitosan nanoparticles loaded with the jasmine oil are prepared and coated on the oxidized cellulosic fabric by forming a strong covalent bond. The FTIR analysis proves the formation of cellulose-chitosan composite. Scanning electron microscopic study demonstrates the coating of nanoparticles on the cotton fabrics. The retention capacity of the jasmine oil in the fabric after repeated washings is proved by GC analysis. The cotton fabrics finished by the covalent bonded coating of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with the jasmine fragrance are found to have a better sustained release capability for a longer time as compared to the conventionally entrapped nanoparticles in the fabric

Fabricating multifunctional nanoparticles bonded to enzymatically oxidized fabrics for their various applications

An effective procedure for obtaining fragrance finished fabric based on cellulose and chitosan has been developed. Thefirst step involves the formation of oxidized cellulose, which is able to form a schiff’s base with the chitosan. In order tomaintain the strength of fabric, a novel enzymatic method for oxidation of cellulose is adopted. In the second step, chitosannanoparticles loaded with the jasmine oil are prepared and coated on the oxidized cellulosic fabric by forming a strongcovalent bond. The FTIR analysis proves the formation of cellulose-chitosan composite. Scanning electron microscopicstudy demonstrates the coating of nanoparticles on the cotton fabrics. The retention capacity of the jasmine oil in the fabricafter repeated washings is proved by GC analysis. The cotton fabrics finished by the covalent bonded coating of chitosannanoparticles loaded with the jasmine fragrance are found to have a better sustained release capability for a longer time ascompared to the conventionally entrapped nanoparticles in the fabric

L-Asparaginase a Biotherapeutic for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-A Molecular Perspective

L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amino hydrolase) is an enzyme which was clinically proved as an antitumor agent to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It catalyzes L-asparagine hydrolysis to L-aspartate and ammonia, and the depletion of asparagine causes cytotoxicity to leukemic cells. Microbial L-asparaginase (ASNase) production has attracted good attention regarding its cost effectiveness and ecofriendliness. The focus of this review is to provide a discussion regarding the microbial ASNase production, purification, its mechanism of action, sources, therapeutic side effects and focusing on the future prospects like protein engineering, recombinant microorganisms to develop a efficient therapeutics with significantly less side effects. This study is also focusing on the production of ASNases from new sources with improvement in the availability as a drug, and issues related to reducing the cost of the drug by improving the pharmacokinetics, pharmaco-dynamics and toxicological profiles in producing the ASNase enzyme.L-asparaginase (L-asparagine amino hydrolase) is an enzyme which was clinically proved as an antitumor agent to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It catalyzes L-asparagine hydrolysis to L-aspartate and ammonia, and the depletion of asparagine causes cytotoxicity to leukemic cells. Microbial L-asparaginase (ASNase) production has attracted good attention regarding its cost effectiveness and ecofriendliness. The focus of this review is to provide a discussion regarding the microbial ASNase production, purification, its mechanism of action, sources, therapeutic side effects and focusing on the future prospects like protein engineering, recombinant microorganisms to develop a efficient therapeutics with significantly less side effects. This study is also focusing on the production of ASNases from new sources with improvement in the availability as a drug, and issues related to reducing the cost of the drug by improving the pharmacokinetics, pharmaco-dynamics and toxicological profiles in producing the ASNase enzyme

Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. heartwood extract synthesized chitosan nanoparticles and its biomedical applications

Abstract Background The point of the present investigation was to blend effective chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with Pterocarpus marsupium (PM) heartwood extract and evaluate its biomedical applications. Various plant extract concentrations (PM-CNPs-1, PM-CNPs-2, PM-CNPs-3) are used to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles and optimized to acquire a stable nanoparticle formulation. The entrapment efficiency and in vitro release studies of the plant extract encapsulated in CNPs are estimated. The PM-loaded CNPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized chitosan nanoparticles were evaluated for their alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and inhibition of albumin denaturation activity. Results The XRD pattern of PM-CNPs shows less number of peaks at low intensity due to the interaction of chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate. The FT-IR spectrum with peaks at 1639.55 and 1149.02 cm−1 confirms the formation of chitosan nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles ranges between 100 and 110 nm with spherical shape illustrated by SEM and TEM analysis. The nanoparticle formulation with 10% plant extract concentration (PM-CNPs-2) showed optimum particle size, higher stability, enhanced entrapment efficiency, and sustained drug release characteristics. Synthesized chitosan nanoparticles have shown a significant increase in alpha-amylase inhibition and appreciable anti-inflammatory activity as measured by inhibition of protein denaturation. Conclusions The investigation reports the eco-friendly, cost-effective method for synthesizing chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Pterocarpus marsupium Rox.b heartwood extract

Phytoassisted synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Pterocarpus marsupium rox.b heartwood extract and its biomedical applications

Abstract Background Unlike chemical techniques, the combination of metal oxide nanoparticles utilizing plant concentrate is a promising choice. The purpose of this work was to synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) utilizing heartwood aqueous extract of Pterocarpus marsupium. The heartwood extract of Pterocarpus marsupium is rich in polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids that can be used as a green source for large-scale, simple, and eco-friendly production of MgO-NPs. The phytoassisted synthesis of MgO is characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results The formation of MgO-NPs is confirmed by a visual color change from colorless to dark brown and they displayed a wavelength of 310 nm in UV-Spectrophotometry analysis. The crystalline nature of the obtained biosynthesized nanoparticles are revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis. SEM results revealed the synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles formed by this cost-effective method are spherically shaped with an average size of < 20 nm. The presence of magnesium and oxygen were confirmed by the EDS data. TEM analysis proved the spherical shape of the nanoparticles with average particle size of 13.28 nm and SAED analysis confirms the crystalline nature of MgO-NPs. FT-IR investigation confirms the existence of the active compounds required to stabilize the magnesium oxide nanoparticles with hydroxyl and carboxyl and phenolic groups that act as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent. All the nanoparticles vary in particle sizes between 15 and 25 nm and obtained a polydispersity index value of 0.248. The zeta-potential was measured and found to be − 2.9 mV. Further, MgO-NPs were tested for antibacterial action against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria) by minimum inhibitory concentration technique were found to be potent against both the bacteria. The blended nanoparticles showed good antioxidant activity examined by the DPPH radical scavenging method, showed good anti-diabetic activity determined by alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, and displayed strong anti-inflammatory activity evaluated by the albumin denaturation method. Conclusions The investigation reports the eco-friendly, cost-effective method for synthesizing magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Pterocarpus marsupium Rox.b heartwood extract with biomedical applications. Graphical abstrac

In silico multi-epitope Bunyumwera virus vaccine to target virus nucleocapsid N protein

Abstract Background Bunyumwera virus can cause 82% mortality in humans currently with no vaccine or drugs for treatment. We described an in silico multi-epitope vaccine targeting Bunyumwera virus nucleocapsid N-protein and predicted B and T cell epitopes for immunogenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and conservancy. For creating the most potent immunological response possible, docking epitopes with HLA alleles are chosen to screen them. The 3D vaccination was docked with the Toll-like receptor-8 using molecular dynamic simulations. To ensure production efficiency, the vaccine sequence was further cloned in silico in a plasmid pIB2 vector. For efficacy and safety, results must be supported in vitro and in vivo. Results The vaccine was cloned to enable expression and translation in a plasmid vector pIB2. It was expected to be antigenic, non-allergenic, and have a high binding affinity with TLR-8 in silico cloning. This multi-epitope vaccination may stimulate both innate and adaptive immunity. Conclusion The vaccine developed in this work was based on the nucleocapsid N-protein of the Bunyumwera virus and was created using a reverse vaccinology method. Further experimental validation is required to assess the vaccine’s therapeutic effectiveness and immunogenicity