ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF ARENGA WIGHTII GRIFF.-AN ENDEMIC PALM OF WESTERN GHATS

Objective: The present study aims to scientifically validate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Arenga wightii.Methods: The stem pith was excised from mature palm, sliced into small pieces, shade dried and powdered. The powder was extracted with ethanol, concentrated under reduced pressure and the crude extract was referred to as AW. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of AW was analyzed in Wistar rats and Swiss albino mice.Results: The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of the stem pith of A. wightii showed a dose dependent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, which was comparable to the standards, indomethacin and acetyl salicylic acid respectively.Conclusion: The results of the current study reveal that A. wightii possesses significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.Â

Glandular Odontogenic Cyst: Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature

Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon jaw bone cyst of odontogenic origin described in 1987 by Gardner et al. It is a cyst having an unpredictable and potentially aggressive behaviour. It also has the propensity to grow to a large size and tendency to recur with only 111 cases having been reported thus far. The first case occurred in a 42-year-old female and presented as a localized swelling extending from 19 to 29 regions. There was a history of traumatic injury at the site. There was evidence of bicortical expansion and radiographs revealed a multilocular radiolucency. The second case occurred in a 21-year-old male, as a large swelling in the mandible and radiograph revealed radiolucency in the region. On histopathological examination, these lesions were diagnosed as GOC. It was concluded that, two cases submitted by us correlate with the existing literature that GOC’s affect more commonly in the middle age group, having predilection for mandible and that trauma could be a precipitating factor for its occurrence. The increased recurrence rates can be due to its intrinsic biological behavior, multilocularity of the cyst, and incomplete removal of the lining following conservative treatment

A TREM2-activating antibody with a blood-brain barrier transport vehicle enhances microglial metabolism in Alzheimer's disease models

van Lengerich et al. developed a human TREM2 antibody with a transport vehicle (ATV) that improves brain exposure and biodistribution in mouse models. ATV:TREM2 promotes microglial energetic capacity and metabolism via mitochondrial pathways. Loss-of-function variants of TREM2 are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), suggesting that activation of this innate immune receptor may be a useful therapeutic strategy. Here we describe a high-affinity human TREM2-activating antibody engineered with a monovalent transferrin receptor (TfR) binding site, termed antibody transport vehicle (ATV), to facilitate blood-brain barrier transcytosis. Upon peripheral delivery in mice, ATV:TREM2 showed improved brain biodistribution and enhanced signaling compared to a standard anti-TREM2 antibody. In human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived microglia, ATV:TREM2 induced proliferation and improved mitochondrial metabolism. Single-cell RNA sequencing and morphometry revealed that ATV:TREM2 shifted microglia to metabolically responsive states, which were distinct from those induced by amyloid pathology. In an AD mouse model, ATV:TREM2 boosted brain microglial activity and glucose metabolism. Thus, ATV:TREM2 represents a promising approach to improve microglial function and treat brain hypometabolism found in patients with AD

Anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-lipidperoxidant effects of <i style="">Cassia occidentalis</i> Linn.

494-498 Cassia occidentalis Linn. mast cell degranulation at a dose of 250 mg/kg, showed dose dependent stabilizing activity towards human RBC, with is widely used in traditional medicine of India to treat a number of clinical conditions including allergy and inflammatory manifestations. In the present study anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of C. occidentalis whole plant ethanolic extract (CO) was investigated. Effects of CO on rat mast cell degranulation inhibition and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization were studied in vitro following standard methods. The anti lipidperoxidant effects of CO were also studied in vitro. Effect of CO on carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema inhibition was also assessed. CO significantly decreased maximum protection of 80.8% at 15 μg/ml. The extract also caused significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of murine hepatic microsomes at 100 μg/ml (56%) and significantly reduced carrageenan induced inflammation in mice at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Results of the present study indicated that CO inhibited mast cell degranulation, stabilized HRBC membrane thereby alleviating immediate hypersensitivity besides showing anti oxidant activity. </smarttagtype

Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of <i style="">Barringtonia racemosa </i>Roxb. fruits

356-361The ethanolic extract of Barringtonia racemosa Roxb. (Lecythidaceae) fruits were screened for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in experimental animals. The extract showed significant inhibition of carrageenan/formalin induced paw oedema at the three doses used in the study. The activity of the extract was comparable to that of Indomethacin, the standard anti-inflammatory drug. B. racemosa ethanolic extract also showed significant inhibition of acetic acid induced writhing in mice at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg doses almost comparable to the standard analgesic drug, acetyl salicylic acid

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of <i style="">Justicia gendarussa </i>Burm. f. leaves

456-461The ethanolic extract of Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. leaves was screened for its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity in experimental animals. The extract showed significant inhibition of carrageenan and formalin-induced paw oedema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation compared to the standard anti-inflammatory drug, Indomethacin. The extract at 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of pain in the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate models in mice when compared to the standard analgesic drug, acetyl salicylic aci

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-lipid peroxidation studies on leaves of <i>Commiphora caudata</i> (Wight & Arn.) Engl.

44-48The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of ethanol extract of leaves of Commiphora caudata (Wight & Arn.) Engl. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan induced paw oedema in Wistar albino rats and analgesic effect by acetic acid induced writhing assay in Swiss albino mice. Our findings showed that the oral administration of the extract significantly inhibited carrageenan induced paw oedema and acetic acid induced writhing effects and were comparable to standard drugs, Indomethacin and Aspirin, respectively. The extract also showed significant inhibition of FeCl2-ascorbic acid stimulated lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate in vitro. It can therefore, be concluded from the present study that the ethanolic extract of C. caudata possesses potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties

<b style="">Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-lipid peroxidation studies on stem bark of </b> <b style=""><i style="">Ficus</i></b><b style=""> <i style="">religiosa</i> Linn</b><b style="">.</b><b style=""> </b>

377-381The methanol extract of the stem bark of Ficus religiosa Linn., The Peepal tree, was screened for its anti-inflammatory activity in Wistar albino rats and analgesic effects in Swiss albino mice. A significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema, comparable to that produced by indomethacin, the standard anti-inflammatory drug, was obtained with all the three doses of the extract, tested in the present study. A significant inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing in mice was observed with two doses of the extract. The analgesic effect was comparable to that caused by the standard drug, aspirin. The methanol extract also showed significant anti-lipid peroxidant effects in vitro

Hepatoprotective activity of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Oxalis corniculata</i> L. ethanolic extract against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats and its <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">in vitro</i> antioxidant effects

147-152Oxalis corniculata is well known for its medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory, digestive, diuretic, antibacterial, antiseptic etc. The present study focuses on the ability of O. corniculata to alleviate liver damage caused by over dose of paracetamol. Antioxidant activity of O. corniculata was evaluated using the free radical scavenging activity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radicals, total anti oxidant capacity by phosphomolybdenum method and total phenolic content was also evaluated. The ethanolic extract of whole plant of O. corniculata (OC, 500 µg/mL, po) significantly reduced 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radicals. This dose also caused significant reduction (62.67%) in malondialdehyde levels of murine hepatic tissues. The antioxidant capacity of OC was comparable to that of standard ascorbic acid and showed 53.5 µg of phenol/mg OC. Rats pre-treated with OC for 4 days showed significant reduction in the serum enzymes such as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin and showed almost normal histological liver architecture of the treated groups compared to paracetamol induced hepatic damage group, indicating its hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential