Factors influencing the work performance of Mitanins (ASHA) in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, India: a cross sectional study

Background: The Mitanin programme is a community health volunteer programme which was initiated by the Government of Chhattisgarh, India in 2002. The Mitanin programme further progressed to lay foundation for the Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) programme by the National Rural Health Mission. There is robust indication that the Community health workers could significantly contribute towards the betterment of health outcomes. The objective of the study was to study the factors influencing the work performance of Mitanins in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, India.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out among 180 Mitanins selected through multistage random sampling in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh, India during March to August 2015. A predesigned, pretested questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: Regarding counselling to pregnant mother on maternal and child health about (65.6%) Mitanins were having knowledge and out of these prevalence of its practice was found to be (75.4%). Their less knowledge for content of responsibility significantly affected their practices in community. Other major factors influencing their work performance are better training sessions (37.8%), support from health staff (65.6%), drug kit refilling (80%), and fewer hurdles in receiving incentives (85.6%.Conclusions: Less knowledge of the work component, less cooperation from health staff, delay refilling of drug kit, incentive oriented practices, delayed and inadequate payment of incentives for Mitanins influences the work performance

Space charge limited current in Schottky diode with single level traps

The space charge limited current (SCLC) in a Schottky diode with a finite injection barrier at the injecting contact and single level traps in the energy space has been investigated by mathematical modelling. Solution of coupled Poisson’s and continuity equations with non-zero Schottky barrier (φ) leaded us to calculate the electric field [F(x)] and the charge carrier p(x) distribution in the sample. Considering the boundary conditions, the current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics have been calculated numerically. It is reported here that when Schottky barrier is not zero, J-V characteristics become Ohmic at infinitely large voltages. The expression of trap filled limit voltage (VTFL) has also been derived. The effect of Schottky barrier on the SCLC current in semiconducting devices has been studied in the present paper

J–V characteristics of GaN containing traps at several discrete energy levels

Mathematical modeling is presented to calculate the space charge limited current (SCLC) in a semiconductor containing traps at several discrete single energy levels. The effect of trap depths and trap densities is investigated in detail. If the difference in the trap energies is large, the J–V curves show humps as many as the number of trap levels. Each hump can be used to calculate a value of trap concentration. This trap concentration is the sum of all the traps at this and deeper energy levels. Accurate trap densities can only be obtained by fitting theoretical curve to the experimental J–V characteristics. The theory is compared with the experimental data taken from the literature. A very good agreement between theory and experiment is found

Hydrocele of the canal of Nuck - Rare differential for vulval swelling

Patent canal of Nuck is one of the rare developmental entities in females, presenting clinically as an inguino-labial swelling. The usual content of this sac is fluid being secreted by the peritoneal mesothelium. In rare cases, ovary alone or with fallopian tube may prolapsed out into the sac. We report the rationale use of diagnostic algorithm in a case of ovarian hernia into the patent canal of Nuck, to differentiate it from more common clinical mimics. Furthermore, in the present case, a knowledge of the entity and targeted scrutiny, led to a correct identification of the prolapsed ovary, preventing an unwarranted oophorectomy in the garb of neoplasia

A Review: Image Segmentation Using Genetic Algorithm

Abstract — Image segmentation is an important and difficult task of image processing and the consequent tasks including object detection, feature extraction, object recognition and categorization depend on the quality of segmentation process. In this paper we suggest Genetic Algorithm to solve the problem of image segmentation. The problem was treated as optimization problems based GA. GAs is used to segment an image by using an optimization function without any threshold values. GAs based image segmentation can provide more accurate results than traditional segmentation methods. The genetic procedure provided a faster convergence to the optimal solution. This is because the sampling strategy allows exploring the solution space by a strategy that is not biased. The preliminary results indicate that GA-based methods perform better than the traditional methods in terms of quality. Also, by developing hybrid algorithms such as GAs and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) we can reduce the processing time and increase the visual quality of the final segmentation underscoring the advantages of hybrid algorithms

Langerhans cell histiocytosis: An enigmatic disease

Abstract Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a poorly understood disease with heterogeneous clinical presentation ranging from unifocal bony involvement to disseminated disease with life-threatening complications. Materials and Methods: The clinical profile, laboratory findings, treatment, and long-term outcome were retrieved from maintained medical records from January 2006 to January 2016 and were retrospectively analyzed. The extent of the disease was classified as per the LCH-III trial of “The Histiocyte Society.” The assessment and categorization of treatment response followed LCH III trial definitions. Results: A total of 28 children with LCH were diagnosed. The age ranged between 5 months and 9 years, with a mean of 3½ years. The M: F ratio was 3:1. Single system, unifocal and multifocal bone diseases were seen in nine (32.1%) and two (7.1%) cases, respectively. Disseminated disease without risk organ involvement was seen in six (21.1%), whereas disseminated disease with risk organ involvement was seen in 11 (39.3%) cases. The most common presentation was bony involvement (19 [67.8%]), out of which 16 (88.8%) had skull involvement. During follow-up, 17 (60.7%) were in complete remission though five (17.8%) of them relapsed, but achieved second remission. Two (7.1%) were lost to follow-up. Six (21.4%) had progressive disease of which four expired and two abandoned treatment. Two (10.7%) refused the initiation of treatment. Conclusion: A better understanding of the disease, early suspicion, and diagnosis can improve the outcome of patients with LCH