Simulation of old open clusters for UVIT on ASTROSAT

Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) is one of the payloads on the first Indian multi wavelength satellite ASTROSAT expected to be launched by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in the year 2015. We have performed simulations of UV studies of old open clusters for the UVIT. The colour magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and spatial appearances have been created using 10 filters of FUV channel (130 - 180 nm) and NUV channel (200 - 300nm) available for observations on the UVIT, for three old open clusters M67, NGC 188 and NGC 6791. The CMDs are simulated for different filter combinations, and they are used to identify the loci of various evolutionary sequences, white dwarfs, blue stragglers, red giants, sub giants, turn off stars and the main sequence of the clusters. The present work helps in identifying the potential area of study in the case of three old open clusters, by considering the availability of filters and the detection limits of the instrument. We also recommend filter combinations, which can be used to detect and study the above mentioned evolutionary stages. The simulations and the results presented here are essential for the optimal use of the UVIT for studies of old open clusters.Comment: Accepted for publication in RAA; 25 pages, 19 figures, 1 tabl

Image Transmission and Hiding Through OFDM System With Different Encrypted Schemes

in this paper, an efficient way for transmission of encrypted images with a Fast Fourier transform (FFT) version of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is studied. A comparison between encrypted images transmitted with FFT-OFDM system by using two famous encryption algorithms (i.e. Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)) is presented. The aim of this comparison is to select the most appropriate encryption algorithm for efficient transmission of encrypted images. While performing the simulation experiments, the peak signal-to-ratio (PSNR) at the receiver is considered as an evaluation metric for examining the decrypted image quality. Form simulation results, it has been observed that, DES encryption algorithm is very much efficient in transmitting encrypted images through FFT-OFDM system over wireless radio channel

Clinical Outcomes of Management of Traumatic Cataract in a Tertiary Care Centre

Background and Objectives : Ocular trauma can lead to development of cataract when natural lens is damaged by either blunt or penetrating injury. The management of traumatic cataract follows the same principle as for senile cataract but associated damage to ocular tissues and several post-operative complications may lead to suboptimal visual outcome. This study was conceptualized to evaluate the visual outcomes following management of traumatic cataracts. Material and Methods : This prospective, longitudinal study was conducted on 80 patients with traumatic cataract in tertiary care centre. Patients were managed surgically and were followed up for a period of six months. Visual acuity was measured at every follow-up visit and any post-operative complications were noted and managed, accordingly. Final visual acuity was assessed at the end of six months. Results: Maximum cases of traumatic cataract (53.75%) were observed in age group of <20 years with male to female ratio of 2.63:1. Maximum patients (92.15%) were implanted posterior chamber intraocular lens, either as a primary or secondary procedure. Uveitis and posterior capsular opacification were most common post-operative complications (30%) and 68.75% cases achieved a final visual acuity of 6/6-6/ 18 at the end of six months. Conclusions Traumatic cataract is an important cause of ocular morbidity specially in young patients. Surgery in cases of traumatic cataract can yield good visual outcomes if posterior segment is not involved and if post-operative complications are managed efficientl

Study of various congenital anomalies in fetal and neonatal autopsy

Background: The study of dead is to save the livings. The growing awareness that still births and infant mortalities are unable to reduction has led to a wide spread desire for more information regarding the cause of these deaths. Congenital malformations have become important cause of fetal and neonatal (perinatal) mortality in developed countries and would very soon be increasingly important determinants of fetal and neonatal mortality in developing countries like India. In spite of antenatal diagnostic modality still the fetal autopsy plays the vital role in the conformation as well as identification of congenital anomalies and also for the counseling of the parents, to prevent the fetal congenital anomalies in further pregnancies. This study was undertaken with the purpose of finding out cause of death during the perinatal period at government maternity hospital and pediatric department S.V.R.R.G.G.H. & S.V. medical college Tirupati, and to study the clinical and pathological findings (Gross & microscopic) in fetal and neonatal death.Methods: The present study of congenital anomalies in fetal and neonatal deaths was done at S.V. medical college, Tirupati, over a time period of 2 years from September 2008 to 2010 August. Consent for autopsy in requested compassionately, respectfully and fully informed. The present study included dead fetus and neonates with gestational age above 20 weeks of intra uterine life and within 7 days of post natal life. All fetuses of gestational age <20 weeks and all neonates above 7 days of age were excluded from the study. The study also obtained clearance from the ethical committee of the institution. Autopsy was performed by standard technique adopted by Edith L. Potter. External and internal findings followed by histopathological examination, and autopsy findings were compared with available ultrasound findings.Results: A total of 46 Autopsies performed, 40 (87%) were fetal deaths, 6 (13%) were early neonatal deaths. In a total of 46 fetuses, there were 13 male and 33 female babies. On external examination of 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 8 (17.39%) babies showed congenital malformation. On internal examination of the 46 fetal and Neonatal (perinatal) deaths, 4 babies showed internal congenital anomalies. A total of 46 anatomical and histopathologic examinations were done among fetal and neonatal (perinatal) deaths. Out of 13 autopsies on male babies, 2 had congenital malformation and 33 autopsies on female babies, 7 had congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies were commonest in the birth weight group of 1000-1500 grams accounting for 9 cases. Malformations of central nervous system (33.33%) were most common followed by musculoskeletal system (16.66%), genitourinary and respiratory system (8.33%) respectively.Conclusion: Most number of perinatal deaths occurred in low birth weight and preterm babies. Study of malformations greatly helpful in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in successive pregnancies

1′-Methyl-4′-(1-naphth­yl)-3′′-(1-naphthyl­methyl­ene)acenaphthene-1-spiro-2′-pyrrolidine-3′-spiro-1′′-cyclo­hexane-2,2′′-dione

In the title compound, C42H33NO2, the six-membered cyclo­hexa­none ring adopts a slightly distorted chair conformation and the five-membered pyrrolidine ring is in an envelope conformation. The mol­ecular structure features four intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions and an intra­molecular C—H⋯π inter­action. Furthermore, the crystal packing is stabilized by an inter­molecular C—H⋯O and three inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions

The frontier of a branching Brownian motion with killing

We consider a branching Brownian motion with killing which starts with a single particle at the origin, for which the instantaneous branching and killing rates of a particle at position x are $\beta(x)$ and k(x) respectively. We show that if $\beta$ is continuous and bounded and $k(x)\uparrow\infty$ as $\vert x\vert\to\infty$ then R\sb{t}, the right frontier at time t, grows sublinearly as $t\to\infty.$ For the class of killing functions k\sb\alpha(x)=\vert x\vert\sp\alpha, $\alpha \u3e 0$ we show that R\sb{t}\ {a.s.\atop\sim}\ c\sb\alpha t\sp{2/\alpha +2} as $t\to\infty,$ for some constant $c\sb\alpha \u3e 0.

Exploring the creativity and creative thinking conundrum

Understanding creativity and creative thinking can be tricky, which makes assessing such skills even more challenging

Supporting high-quality assessment in Bhutan

ACER India has conducted a series of workshops to increase Bhutan’s expertise in national assessment item development, questionnaire design and sampling procedures. Anu Radha Sharma reports