Redefiniendo el mérito académico para impulsar los cambios

Los cambios universitarios significativos en nuestra cultura latinoamericana se han logrado mediante revueltas estudiantiles. Hace unos años, en una rebelión estudiantil, un grupo de profesores y estudiantes interesados en la Reforma Universitaria hemos presentado ante la Asamblea universitaria una propuesta de cambios de estatutos de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. El documento fue archivado por las autoridades. En la última crisis, tipificada por el movimiento UNA no te calles, a la tragedia académica se agregó la corrupción y perdurar los problemas. Por ello, seguimos creyendo perentorio realizar profundos cambios en la filosofía y estructura de la obsoleta universidad pública que incluye a la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas como prototipo. Necesitamos una nueva visión de universidad que facilite la nvestigación contrastando con el actual modelo escolástico - profesionalista que ya no cumple con las exigencias de las sociedades modernas que basan su accionar en la producción de conocimientos

LEPRA LEPROMATOSA PENEAL EN PACIENTE CON ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS. REPORTE DE UN CASO

Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 52 años con fimosis secundaria a una masa pseudotumoral prepucial. El paciente presentaba una historia de enfermedad de Hansen con afectación de piel, laringe y bronquios. Previa a la circuncisión, el examen físico revelaba, además de las alteraciones lepromatosas, un mega esófago secundario a estenosis en la porción distal. El análisis laboratorial mediante la técnica de ELISA dio positivo para Trypanosoma cruzi, patógeno responsable de la enfermedad de Chagas. Sólo pudimos encontrar un caso previo reportado de lepra lepromatosa con afectación prepucial. La coexistencia de lepra y miocardiopatía chagásica es inusual pero bien conocida por casos reportados en Brasil e India. Sin embargo, de acuerdo a nuestros conocimientos, éste es el primer caso reportado de una sociación entre lepra lepromatosa y mega esófago chagásico en un paciente con fimosis

The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs-Part B: Prostate and Bladder Tumours.

It has been 12 yr since the publication of the last World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumours of the prostate and bladder. During this time, significant new knowledge has been generated about the pathology and genetics of these tumours. Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is a newly recognized entity in the 2016 WHO classification. In most cases, it represents intraductal spread of aggressive prostatic carcinoma and should be separated from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. New acinar adenocarcinoma variants are microcystic adenocarcinoma and pleomorphic giant cell adenocarcinoma. Modifications to the Gleason grading system are incorporated into the 2016 WHO section on grading of prostate cancer, and it is recommended that the percentage of pattern 4 should be reported for Gleason score 7. The new WHO classification further recommends the recently developed prostate cancer grade grouping with five grade groups. For bladder cancer, the 2016 WHO classification continues to recommend the 1997 International Society of Urological Pathology grading classification. Newly described or better defined noninvasive urothelial lesions include urothelial dysplasia and urothelial proliferation of uncertain malignant potential, which is frequently identified in patients with a prior history of urothelial carcinoma. Invasive urothelial carcinoma with divergent differentiation refers to tumours with some percentage of "usual type" urothelial carcinoma combined with other morphologies. Pathologists should mention the percentage of divergent histologies in the pathology report. PATIENT SUMMARY Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate is a newly recognized entity in the 2016 World Health Organization classification. Better defined noninvasive urothelial lesions include urothelial dysplasia and urothelial proliferation of uncertain malignant potential

The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs-Part A: Renal, Penile, and Testicular Tumours.

The fourth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of urogenital tumours (WHO "blue book"), published in 2016, contains significant revisions. These revisions were performed after consideration by a large international group of pathologists with special expertise in this area. A subgroup of these persons met at the WHO Consensus Conference in Zurich, Switzerland, in 2015 to finalize the revisions. This review summarizes the most significant differences between the newly published classification and the prior version for renal, penile, and testicular tumours. Newly recognized epithelial renal tumours are hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) syndrome-associated RCC, succinate dehydrogenase-deficient RCC, tubulocystic RCC, acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, and clear cell papillary RCC. The WHO/International Society of Urological Pathology renal tumour grading system was recommended, and the definition of renal papillary adenoma was modified. The new WHO classification of penile squamous cell carcinomas is based on the presence of human papillomavirus and defines histologic subtypes accordingly. Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) of the testis is the WHO-recommended term for precursor lesions of invasive germ cell tumours, and testicular germ cell tumours are now separated into two fundamentally different groups: those derived from GCNIS and those unrelated to GCNIS. Spermatocytic seminoma has been designated as a spermatocytic tumour and placed within the group of non-GCNIS-related tumours in the 2016 WHO classification. PATIENT SUMMARY The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification contains new renal tumour entities. The classification of penile squamous cell carcinomas is based on the presence of human papillomavirus. Germ cell neoplasia in situ of the testis is the WHO-recommended term for precursor lesions of invasive germ cell tumours

Immunohistochemical expression of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in penile squamous cell carcinomas: a tissue microarray study of 112 cases

AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway-related biomarkers in penile carcinomas, and to assess associations with histological type, histological grade, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.; METHODS AND RESULTS: We built four tissue microarrays from 112 invasive penile squamous cell carcinomas, and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of PTEN, phospho-AKT, phospho-mTOR, and phospho-S6. We found decreased or loss of PTEN expression in 87% of cases. Warty and/or basaloid carcinomas had a higher proportion of PTEN loss (P=0.02), whereas keratinizing tumours showed higher levels of phospho-S6 (P=0.009); phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR levels were not significantly different between warty/basaloid and keratinizing carcinomas (P=0.75 and P=0.77, respectively). PTEN was not associated with histological grade (P=0.18). Expression levels of phospho-S6 were significantly higher in low-grade tumours (P=0.001), whereas expression levels of phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR were slightly higher in high-grade tumours (P=0.01 and P=0.35, respectively). We did not find any association between HPV infection and mTOR markers (P≥0.2 in all cases).; CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence of dysregulation of the mTOR pathway in penile carcinomas independently of HPV infection. Future clinical studies should further evaluate the prognostic and predictive usefulness of these markers in patients with penile cancer. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Surface adenosquamous carcinoma of the penis: A report of three cases

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe