Data on child complementary feeding practices, nutrient intake and stunting in Musanze District, Rwanda.

Stunting prevalence in Rwanda is still a major public health issue, and data on stunting is needed to plan relevant interventions. This data, collected in 2015, presents complementary feeding practices, nutrient intake and its association with stunting in infants and young children in Musanze District in Rwanda. A household questionnaire and a 24-h recall questionnaire were used to collect the data. In total 145 children aged 5-30 months participated in the study together with their caregivers. The anthropometric status of children was calculated using WHO Anthro software [1] according to the WHO growth standards [2]. The complementary feeding practices together with households' characteristics are reported per child stunting status. The nutrient intake and food group consumption are presented per age group of children. Also, the percentage contribution of each food groups to energy and nutrient intake in children is reported. The data also shows the association between zinc intake and age groups of children. Using multiple linear regression, a sensitivity analysis was done with height-for-age z-score as the dependent variable and exclusive breastfeeding, deworming table use, BMI of caregiver, dietary zinc intake as independent variables. The original linear regression model and a detailed methodology and analyses conducted are presented in Uwiringiyimana et al. [3]

Predictors of stunting with particular focus on complementary feeding practices: A cross-sectional study in the northern province of Rwanda.

The aim of this study was to review the factors associated with stunting in the northern province of Rwanda by assessing anthropometric status, dietary intake, and overall complementary feeding practices. This was a cross-sectional study with 138 children 5 to 30 mo of age. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics of each mother and child and breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. Anthropometric status was assessed using height-for-age z-scores for children and body mass index for caregivers. Dietary intakes were estimated using a 24-h recall. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were performed to study the predictors of height-for-age z scores and stunting. There was a 42% stunting prevalence. Prevalence of continued breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding were 92% and 50%, respectively. Most children (62%) fell into the low dietary diversity score group. The nutrient intake from complementary foods was below recommendations. The odds of stunting were higher in children >12 mo of age (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.29). Exclusive breastfeeding (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10-0.48) and deworming tablet use in the previous 6 mo (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07-0.80) decreased significantly the odds of stunting in children. Also, the body mass index of the caretaker (β = 0.08 kg/m Interventions focusing on optimal nutrition during the complementary feeding stage, exclusive breastfeeding, and the use of deworming tablets have the potential to substantially reduce stunting in children in the northern province of Rwanda

Predictors of stunting with particular focus on complementary feeding practices: A cross-sectional study in the northern province of Rwanda.

The aim of this study was to review the factors associated with stunting in the northern province of Rwanda by assessing anthropometric status, dietary intake, and overall complementary feeding practices. This was a cross-sectional study with 138 children 5 to 30 mo of age. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics of each mother and child and breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. Anthropometric status was assessed using height-for-age z-scores for children and body mass index for caregivers. Dietary intakes were estimated using a 24-h recall. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were performed to study the predictors of height-for-age z scores and stunting. There was a 42% stunting prevalence. Prevalence of continued breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding were 92% and 50%, respectively. Most children (62%) fell into the low dietary diversity score group. The nutrient intake from complementary foods was below recommendations. The odds of stunting were higher in children >12 mo of age (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.29). Exclusive breastfeeding (OR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10-0.48) and deworming tablet use in the previous 6 mo (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.07-0.80) decreased significantly the odds of stunting in children. Also, the body mass index of the caretaker (β = 0.08 kg/m Interventions focusing on optimal nutrition during the complementary feeding stage, exclusive breastfeeding, and the use of deworming tablets have the potential to substantially reduce stunting in children in the northern province of Rwanda

The suitability of dated travertines as a record of fluvial incision: Allier (France) floodplain dynamics during the Late quaternary [ Validité des travertins datés pour la reconstitution de l'histoire de l'incision fluviatile. La dynamique de la nappe alluviale de l'Allier pendant le Quaternaire récent.]

Travertines overlying and impregnating Allier terraces have been dated and confirm previous research that they register past spring activity for the last 250 kyr New U-senes ages demonstrate that surface travertines were not only mainly deposited under Interglacial but also under Interstadial conditions Detailed reconstruction of the Holocene fluvial incision suggests that the position of surface travertine precipitation at terrace scarps bear a relationship with floodplain incision (terrace formation) Unfortunately the temporal resolution of current U-senes dates is too coarse to allow a detailed reconstruction for older cycles. Travertine dating with 14C has proved to be unreliable as a result of the contamination with fossil carbonatesLes travertins qui recouvrent et imprègnent les terrasses fluviatiles de l'Allier ont été dates par U/Th. Ces résultats confirment les travaux antérieurs et montrent que ces dépôts ont enregistré l'activité des sources hydrothermales depuis environ 250 ka BP. Les nouvelles datations U/Th montrent que les travertins ne se sont pas formés uniquement pendant les interglaciaires mais aussi au cours des épisodes interstadiaires. Une reconstruction détaillée de l'incision de la vallée de l'Allier au cours de l'Holocène suggère que la précipitation de dépôts travertineux sur le talus de la terrasse de 10 m est en rapport avec l'incision de la vallée actuelle de l'Allier. Malheureusement, la precision des âges détermines par la méthode U/Th est trop faible pour permettre une reconstitution détaillée pour les cycles plus anciens. La datation des travertins par le I4C a montré que cette technique n'était pas fiable en raison de leur contamination par des carbonates fossiles.Veldkamp Antonie, Kroonenberg Salomon, Heijnis Henk, Van Den Berg Van Saparoea Rob. The suitability of dated travertines as a record of fluvial incision: Allier (France) floodplain dynamics during the Late quaternary [ Validité des travertins datés pour la reconstitution de l'histoire de l'incision fluviatile. La dynamique de la nappe alluviale de l'Allier pendant le Quaternaire récent.]. In: Quaternaire, vol. 15, n°1-2, 2004. Fluvial Archives Group. Clermond-Ferrant 2002. pp. 159-165

The Pliocene initiation and Early Pleistocene volcanic disruption of the palaeo-Gediz fluvial system, Western Turkey

In this paper, we report our latest observations concerning a Pliocene and Early Pleistocene record from Western Turkey. The sedimentary sequence described comprises the fluvial deposits of an Early Pleistocene palaeo-Gediz river system and its tributaries prior to the onset of volcanism around Kula and the subsequent lacustrine, volcaniclastic and fluvial deposits associated with the first phase of volcanism (∼1.2 Ma) in this area. Early development of an east-west drainage system in this area resulted from tectonic adjustments to north-south extension and the formation of east-west-oriented grabens. Headward erosion of drainage entering the main Alaşehir graben led to the progressive capture of pre-existing drainage systems as eastward (headward) erosion upstream tapped drainage networks previously formed in internally draining NNE-SSW-oriented basins. Within one of these, the Selendi Basin, part of this evolutionary sequence is preserved as a buried river terrace sequence. Eleven terraces are preserved beneath alluvial fan sediments that are, in turn, capped by basaltic lava flows. Using the available geochronology these terraces are considered to represent sedimentation-incision cycles which span the period ∼1.67-1.2 Ma. Although progressive valley incision is a fluvial system response to regional uplift, the frequency of terrace formation within this time period suggests that the terrace formation resulted from sediment/water supply changes, a consequence of obliquity-driven climate changes. The production of sub-parallel terraces suggests that during this period the river was able to attain a quasi-equilibrium longitudinal profile adjusted to the regional uplift rate. Thus, the incision rate of 0.16 mm a during this period is believed to closely mirror the regional uplift rate. After the onset of volcanism at ∼1.2 Ma, there is a destruction of the dynamic link between fluvial system behaviour and climate change. The repeated damming of the trunk river and its tributaries led to the construction of complex stratigraphic relationships. During the first phase of volcanism the palaeo-Gediz river was dammed on numerous occasions leading to the formation of a series of lakes upstream of the dams in the palaeo-Gediz valley. Variations in lake level forced localised base-level changes that resulted in complex fluvial system response and considerable periods of disequilibrium in profile adjustment. Furthermore, response to these base-level changes most likely disrupted the timing of the incisional adjustment to the on-going regional uplift, thus making the use of this part of the archive for inferring regional uplift rates untenable. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The impact of soybean expansion on mammal and bird, in the Balsas region, north Brasilian Cerrado

In order to analyse the impact of land use change, it is particularly important to know how organisms use resources distributed across a heterogeneous landscape. The main objective of this study is to analyse the potential impact of land use change on bird and mammal fauna, by using a coupled model approach. The CLUE (Conversion of Land Use and its Effects) model has been applied to obtain the spatial pattern of land use change for a scenario with soybean expansion in the Cerrado of Maranhão State in Brazil. These land use change maps were used as the input for the LEDESS (Landscape Ecological Decision and Evaluation Support System) model to evaluate the impact of habitat fragmentation on mammal and bird species. The scenarios demonstrated that high quality habitat for all studied species will be lost in the future when current trends in agricultural expansion continue, but these changes will have species-specific impacts. The most relevant ecological impact under the explored scenarios was habitat fragmentation expressed by the increase the number of habitat clusters. The coupled model approach of LEDESS and CLUE made it possible to project the spatial impact of soybean expansion on habitat dynamics in the studied region. This model approach can help to design effective ecological infrastructure to facilitate species survival and to implement an effective habitat network in the Balsas region