ELF-EMF exposure in the presence of coincident oxidative stress induced a decline in CAT activity.

<p>Both CAT activity (normalized to total protein content of cell lysates and expressed as units per mg of protein) and O₂⁻ production (evaluated by the cytochrome c reduction assay and expressed as nmol O₂⁻/10⁶ cells/min) were quantified in the presence and absence of pre-existing oxidative stress (100 µM H₂O₂) at 24 hr. Each value was the mean ± s.d. of three independent experiments performed in triplicate (*p<0.05).</p

ELF-EMF exposure induced a rapid and sustained elevation in NOS activity.

<p>NOS enzymatic activity, determined by measuring the conversion of L-[³H]arginine to L-[³H]citrulline, is expressed in picomoles per minute per milligram of protein. Each value represents the mean ± s.d. of different experiments performed in triplicate (*p<0.05).</p

ELF-EMF exposure time-dependently increased O₂⁻ production:

<p>O₂⁻ production in ELF-EMF exposed SH-SY5Y cells was evaluated by the cytochrome c reduction assay method and expressed as % increase with respect to non exposed SH-SY5Y cells (*p<0.05).</p

Kinetic constants characterizing the impact of ELF-EMF exposure on cytochrome P450 (CYP-450) activity in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cultures.

<p>υ = activity; ↑® =  Upward υ rate; υ_min =  minimum initial activity; ↓® =  downward υ rate; pT = peak time; pυ = peak activity.</p

ELF-EMF exposure significantly heightens TGFβ, IL-18 expression.

<p>The intensities of bands for TGFβ, IL-18, IL-18BP and MCP-1 are normalized to the GAPDH signals. The expression values are the mean ± S.D. of 2 replicate PCR reactions on RNA isolated from three independent experiments (*p<0.05).</p

Sequences of the oligonucleotide primers utilized in the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

<p>Sequences of the oligonucleotide primers utilized in the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.</p

ELF-EMF exposure induced a time-dependent elevation in Catylase (CAT) activity:

<p>CAT activity was normalized with respect to the total protein content of cell lysates and expressed as units per mg of protein. Each value was the mean ± s.d. of three independent experiments performed in triplicate (*p<0.05).</p

Kinetic constants characterizing the impact of ELF-EMF exposure on antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) activity in human SH-SY5Y neuronal cultures.

<p>υ = activity; ↑® =  Upward υ rate; υ_min =  minimum initial activity; ↓® =  downward υ rate; pT = peak time; pυ = peak activity.</p

ELF-EMF (1 mT (rms), 50 Hz) exposure did not impact phenotypic expression, growth or viability of human SH-SY5Y cells.

<p>Representative phase contrast images of proliferative SH-SY5Y cells in culture medium with 10% FBS (400× magnification), grown for 6 and 24 hr the presence and absence of ELF-EMFs. Not shown, cell proliferation was not influenced by the presence of ELF-EMF, as determined by MTT assay at 6 and 24 hr.</p

Influence of LPS on cell viability.

<p>U937 cell were exposed to 10 µg/mL of LPS for 24 h and cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Results are expressed in percentage of control (mean ± SEM of five independent experiments, performed in triplicate). *p<0.05 vs control cells (0 µg/mL of LPS); **p<0.01 vs control cells.</p