Differential miRNA levels in the two outcome-related MPM patient groups.

<p>Fold change level for each miRNA is represented. Color code to each miRNA has been assigned in order to uniquely identify each miRNA within individual serum samples. Analyses were performed and calculation accomplished as described under “Material and Methods”. Bars, standard deviations derived from at least three different calculations.</p

KEGG pathways involving miRNA29, miRNA433 and miRNA25.

<p>Pathways involving gene targets for miRNA29, miRNA433 and miRNA25, as according to miRSystem software (ver. 20150312—mirsystem.cgm.ntu.edu.tw/). In order to draw inferences on potential functional interactions between miRNA and their gene targets, pathways identified are listed according to the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway map. Relevant nomenclature consists of a molecular network in terms of the KEGG Orthology (KO) groups. Genes are listed in each box according to their ability to serve as targets of each of the three miRNA considered in the upmost shaded headings. The miRNA targets involved in each specific pathway are reported according to a rank list where the first preferentially listed members, in each corresponding, box are common targets to more than one miRNAs.</p

Patient Characteristics and Survival.

<p>Patient Characteristics and Survival.</p

Kaplan-Meier estimate of the overall survival time of the patients stratified for miRNA signature A or miRNA signature B.

<p>P-values were derived from a log rank test (see “<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0135331#sec002" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>”).</p

Serum miRNAs differentially expressed in the MPM patients, compared to non-MPM affected controls.

<p>Light gray boxes indicate upregulated miRNAs. Dark grey boxes indicate downregulated/no change/undetectable miRNAs. Spark-line graph refers to the corresponding fold-change differential levels for each miRNA and for each individual patient. Column height in each patient sample, in the spark-line graph, was internally normalized, to show relative expression of various miRNAs within the same signature.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Genomic study and lipidomic bioassay of Leeuwenhoekiella parthenopeia: A novel rare biosphere marine bacterium that inhibits tumor cell viability.PDF

The fraction of low-abundance microbiota in the marine environment is a promising target for discovering new bioactive molecules with pharmaceutical applications. Phenomena in the ocean such as diel vertical migration (DVM) and seasonal dynamic events influence the pattern of diversity of marine bacteria, conditioning the probability of isolation of uncultured bacteria. In this study, we report a new marine bacterium belonging to the rare biosphere, Leeuwenhoekiella parthenopeia sp. nov. Mr9T, which was isolated employing seasonal and diel sampling approaches. Its complete characterization, ecology, biosynthetic gene profiling of the whole genus Leeuwenhoekiella, and bioactivity of its extract on human cells are reported. The phylogenomic and microbial diversity studies demonstrated that this bacterium is a new and rare species, barely representing 0.0029% of the bacterial community in Mediterranean Sea metagenomes. The biosynthetic profiling of species of the genus Leeuwenhoekiella showed nine functionally related gene cluster families (GCF), none were associated with pathways responsible to produce known compounds or registered patents, therefore revealing its potential to synthesize novel bioactive compounds. In vitro screenings of L. parthenopeia Mr9T showed that the total lipid content (lipidome) of the cell membrane reduces the prostatic and brain tumor cell viability with a lower effect on normal cells. The lipidome consisted of sulfobacin A, WB 3559A, WB 3559B, docosenamide, topostin B-567, and unknown compounds. Therefore, the bioactivity could be attributed to any of these individual compounds or due to their synergistic effect. Beyond the rarity and biosynthetic potential of this bacterium, the importance and novelty of this study is the employment of sampling strategies based on ecological factors to reach the hidden microbiota, as well as the use of bacterial membrane constituents as potential novel therapeutics. Our findings open new perspectives on cultivation and the relationship between bacterial biological membrane components and their bioactivity in eukaryotic cells, encouraging similar studies in other members of the rare biosphere.</p