«Конструктор здоровья». Обобщение опыта формирования здоровьесозидающей среды в школе в МАОУ СОШ №11 г. Екатеринбурга

Primary prevention, aimed at the formation of value relation to health is an effective method of education of schoolchildren . Our work system includes modularity in the choice of topics and forms of events and records the age of the audience. Active assistants in promoting the preservation of health are members of the school scientific society. Collective projects, in which participants are students of different ages – effective form of promotion of the values of healthПервичная профилактика, направленная на формирование ценностного отношения к здоровью, является эффективным методом обучения школьников. Наша система включает в себя модульность в выборе тем и форм событий с учетом возраста аудитории. Активными помощниками в продвижении идеи сохранения здоровья являются члены школьного научного общества. Коллективные проекты, в которых принимают участие школьники разных возрастов – эффективная форма продвижения ценностей здоровь

Historical roots of traditions of initiation in older age

Introduction. The article examines the issues of historical and modern significance of initiation rites. It is noted that initiation rites should be considered as a tool for overcoming psychological barriers before entering old age. At the same time, there are no traditions of age-related initiation aimed at removing barriers of fear of transition to old age. Materials and methods. The research methods were historical and psychological analyzes of the theory and practice of using initiation rites in the history of mankind. The study was carried out based on the study of normative materials and materials describing initiation traditions in different cultures. Results. It is shown that in the history of mankind, the traditions of age-related initiation were developed mainly in childhood, adolescence and youth. Attention is focused on the fact that in Russian culture rituals of initiation into old age have not yet been formed, although there are traditions of honoring elders, although they are not always implemented. Particular attention is paid to the issue of initiation technologies in old age. The practice of initiation in old age, tested in some countries, is considered. It is noted that age-related initiation makes it possible to solve such socio-psychological problems as testing one’s readiness to endure the difficulties of a new age stage; removing barriers of fear before a new age period; introduction to spiritual values; continuity of human existence, etc. Conclusion. Specific proposals have been made for the implementation of rules and approaches to initiation in old age. In particular, it is proposed to coincide the initiation ceremony with the Day of the Elderly. In addition, it is proposed to rename the day of the elderly to the day of honoring the elderly, as was done at one time in Japan

Microsurgical Treatment of Epidermoids. Case Report and Literature Review

The aim of the research: study the features of surgical treatment of epidermoids.Materials and methods. We present a literature review and the clinical case of surgical treatment of a patient with epidermoid. We have searched medical databases: Medline, Russian Science Citation Index, EMedicine, United Medical Knowledge Base. We considered the features of the clinic, diagnosis, and surgical intervention. The article presents a clinical example of successful surgical treatment of a patient with an epidermoid cyst of the posterior cranial fossa. The result of the literature review was the writing of a clinical lecture; the current state of the issue of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management of patients with epidermoids was studied.Results. The authors found that total microsurgical removal is the method of choice, and the operative technique should be aimed at preventing postoperative aseptic meningitis. Although it was not possible to establish the cause of the development of aseptic meningitis, the authors assume that the mechanism of its formation lies in the self-breaking of the capsule of the epidermoid cyst, probability of which was confirmed by a number of studies. Further study of this pathology is a promising direction in neurosurgery.Conclusion. Difficulties in the diagnosis and choice of surgical tactics point at the need for detailed preoperative planning of surgical intervention, performing a precise total removal of a lesion with compliance with preventive measures for aseptic meningitis to improve clinical results and reduce the incidence of perioperative complications

Парадокс Гиффена в XXI в.

The article addresses the Giffen paradox as a significant aspect of the consumer choice theory, which receives considerable attention in microeconomics at introductory, intermediate and advanced levels of studies. The authors are expanding on a textbook interpretation of the Giffen paradox by analyzing the results of empirical studies conducted by R. Jensen and N. Miller early in the XXI century, as well as describing the “Giffen behavior” through characteristic preference approach and incorporating the subsistence constraint in the neoclassical theory of consumer choice. Drawing on the idea of maintaining a minimum level of consumption by relatively poor individuals, the article proves the unity of a textbook approach to explaining the “Giffen behavior” and its modern versions presented in scientific literature. The article can be useful to teachers and students of microeconomics, as well as to all those willing to get modern understanding of the Giffen paradox.Статья посвящена парадоксу Гиффена — одному из ярких аспектов теории потребительского выбора, которому уделяется заметное внимание в курсе микроэкономики вводного, промежуточного и продвинутого уровней. Авторы расширяют хрестоматийную интерпретацию парадокса Гиффена за счет анализа результатов эмпирических исследований, проведенных в начале XXI в. Р. Дженсеном и Н. Миллером, а также описания «поведения по Гиффену» с помощью анализа характеристик товаров и включения в неоклассическую теорию потребительского выбора ограничения минимальной калорийности потребительского набора. На основе идеи о необходимости поддержания минимального уровня потребления относительно бедными индивидами в статье доказывается единство хрестоматийного подхода к объяснению «поведения по Гиффену» и его современных версий, представленных в научной литературе. Материалы данной статьи могут быть полезны преподавателям микроэкономики и студентам, а также всем тем, кто хочет получить современные представления о парадоксе Гиффена

Minimisation of the viral contamination risk of heterologous immunoglobulins in the context of the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation

To ensure the safety and to secure the approval of injectable medicinal products based on antigen-specific immunoglobulins of animal origin, it is necessary to exclude their contamination with adventitious human pathogens. Ensuring the viral safety of heterologous immunoglobulins presents a major challenge, because the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14 edition, lacks production stage-specific viral safety requirements for such medicinal products. The aim of the study was to analyse the requirements set forth in general and individual monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, the European Pharmacopoeia, (10th edition), the British Pharmacopoeia (2019), the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP 43–NF 38), the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (17th edition), as well as the recommendations of the European Medicines Agency and the World Health Organisation concerning the viral safety of medicinal products for human use based on heterologous antigen-specific immunoglobulins. The authors analysed regulatory requirements for the following: serum/plasma-producing animals; immunisation antigens for the animals; quarantine of the animals; viral contamination tests for immune animal serum/plasma pools; model viruses to validate viral inactivation/removal processes at different stages of vaccine production; viral load reduction at each inactivation/ removal step; testing of materials obtained at critical production stages. The authors drafted sections for quality standards on production stage-specific measures to minimise the viral contamination risk of medicinal products for human use based on heterologous immunoglobulins, which they proposed for inclusion to the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И СЕМЕЙНЫЕ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ КОММУНИКАЦИИ МАТЕРЕЙ НАРКОЗАВИСИМЫХ

The paper is devoted to study of peculiarities of emotional communication in families of drug addicts as well as personal characteristics of their mothers, and possible violations in receiving of social assistance. 91 families have been surveyed: 30 families of healthy individuals and 61 families of patients with drug addiction. Survey included: level of co-dependence, the intensity of psychopathological symptoms, level of anxiety and depressive experience of the mothers of drug addicts, their styles of emotional communication and level of social assistance. Study revealed the negative styles of emotional communications in the parent families of drug addicts in comparison with the styles of emotional communications in the families of healthy persons. The mothers of drug addicts differed from the mothers of healthy persons with increased level of paranoid features, suspiciousness, high hostility, anxiety, increased number of phobic fears and obsessions; they are less socially integrated, and are reluctant to seek emotional and instrumental support from others. Статья посвящена изучению особенностей эмоциональных коммуникаций в семьях наркозависимых, а также личностных особенностей их матерей и возможных нарушений в получении социальной поддержки. Была обследована 91 семья: 30 семей здоровых лиц и 61 семья больных наркотической зависимостью. Были изучены уровень созависимости, выраженность психопатологических симптомов, уровень тревоги и депрессивных переживаний у матерей наркозависимых, их стили эмоциональных коммуникаций и уровень социальной поддержки. Были выделены негативные стили эмоциональных коммуникаций в родительских семьях наркозависимых с сравнении со стилями эмоциональных коммуникаций в семьях здоровых лиц. Матери зависимых от ПАВ отличались от матерей здоровых лиц повышенным уровнем паранойяльности, подозрительностью, высокой враждебностью, тревожностью, повышенным количеством фобических переживаний и навязчивостей; они менее социально интегрированы и не склонны обращаться за эмоциональной и инструментальной поддержкой к другим людям.

Features of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in patients with secondary renovascular hypertension

The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics ot the daily profile of blood pressure in patients with renovascular hypertension. We examined 16 patients with unilateral atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis compared with patients with refractory essential hypertension. The technique of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was used. Standard parameters of monitoring were evaluated. We realized that the characteristics of circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients with renovascular hypertension are to reduce the degree of nocturnal reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (prevalence of abnormal circadian rhythms of ‘non-dipper1 and ‘night-picker”); increased variability of systolic blood pressure at night, the tendency to form high rate of morning rise in blood pressure.Целью исследования явилась оценка особенностей суточного профиля артериального давления у больных реноваскулярной гипертонией. Обследовано 16 пациентов с артериальной гипертонией на фоне одностороннего атеросклеротического стеноза почечной артерии в сравнении с пациентами с рефракторной эссенциальной артериальной гипертонией. Использовалась методика суточного мониторирования артериального давления на аппарате АВРМ- 02М, оценивались стандартные параметры суточного профиля. Выявлено, что особенностями суточного ритма артериального давления у пациентов с вазоренальной гипертонией являются уменьшение степени ночного снижения САД и ДАД (преобладание патологических циркадных ритмов «нон-диппер» и «найт-пикер»); повышение вариабельности систолического АД в ночные часы, тенденция к формированию высокой скорости утреннего подъема АД

Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs

Dogs were the first domestic animal, but little is known about their population history and to what extent it was linked to humans. We sequenced 27 ancient dog genomes and found that all dogs share a common ancestry distinct from present-day wolves, with limited gene flow from wolves since domestication but substantial dog-to-wolf gene flow. By 11,000 years ago, at least five major ancestry lineages had diversified, demonstrating a deep genetic history of dogs during the Paleolithic. Coanalysis with human genomes reveals aspects of dog population history that mirror humans, including Levant-related ancestry in Africa and early agricultural Europe. Other aspects differ, including the impacts of steppe pastoralist expansions in West and East Eurasia and a near-complete turnover of Neolithic European dog ancestry