SPECIFICITY OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT IN THE MINISTRY OF DEFENSE AND THE SERBIAN ARMED FORCES

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the specific characteristics of performance measurement on the example of the Ministry of Defense and the Serbian Armed Forces. The calculation of financial and non-financial performance measures of the Ministry of Defense and the Serbian Armed Forces contributes to constant improvement or maximization of their ability to provide goods and services through the effective and efficient acquisition and use of different types of resources. The research was conducted using the data on selected financial and nonfinancial performances from the 31st Infantry Battalion reports in the period from 2012 to 2018. In order to confirm the hypothesis, the method of analysis, the synthesis method and the correlation analysis method were used. The empirical results of this study show that there is a high degree of interdependence between the financial management and control systems, on the one hand, and increased training of people and more adequate maintenance of motor vehicles, weapons and combat techniques, on the other. The main contribution of this paper is to emphasize the importance of performance measurement in the Ministry of Defense and the Serbian Armed Forces and their contribution to creating a certain level of socialwelfare

DETERMINATION OF TRANSFER PRICING IN MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES

The issue of transfer pricing in multinational companies assumes strategic importance in modern business conditions. Evaluation of performance and goal congruence of all supsidiaries and multinational companies as a whole are determined by the applied rules and methods of transfer pricing. Determination of transfer pricing in multinational companies has become more complicated with differentiation of the tax systems of the countries in which subsidiaries are located. Due to different tax rates on income, companies transfer their profit from high-tax countries to low-tax countries. According to that, the aim of this work is to indicate the importance of transfer pricing and methods of their determination in multinational companies. During the preparation of this article, analysis methods based on relevant and available foreign literature and practices, methods of synthesis and methods of comparison will be applied. The aim of this paper is to indicate to the domestic and professional public the phenomenon of transfer prices and their implications on the performance of subsidiaries and multinational companies as a whole.Key words: transfer pricing, multinational companies, costs, method

OBRAČUN TROŠKOVA PO AKTIVNOSTIMA U ZDRAVSTVENIM ORGANIZACIJAMA

The concept of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) provides informational support to the performance of key management activities in different organizations. Focused on activities and processes within the organization, this concept, using appropriate cost drivers, provides more accurate information on activity costs and costs objects. The paper analyzes the specificities of applying the traditional and improved model of activity-based costing in health organizations.Koncept obračuna troškova po aktivnostima pruža informacionu podršku obavljanju ključnih aktivnosti menadžmenta u različitim organizacijama. Fokusiran na aktivnosti i procese u organizaciji, ovaj koncept, korišćenjem odgovarajućih uzročnika troškova, pruža preciznije informacije o troškovima aktivnosti i nosilaca troškova. U radu se analiziraju specifičnosti primene tradicionalnog i unapređenog modela obračuna troškova po aktivnostima u zdravstvenim organizacijama

MERENJE PERFORMANSI TOKOVA VREDNOSTI I LEAN KONCEPT POSLOVANJA

Lean business concept is characterized by providing value required by customers, prompt delivery of products, eliminating all forms of waste from production process as well as from all business processes in the company, etc. In order to achieve and maintain competitive advantage, it is appropriate to carefully consider and apply the basic principles of lean business concept and establish a value stream. Value stream is a basis for creating value for the customers, on the one hand, and for the enterprise, on the other hand. In that context, it is necessary to choose a set of performance measures for assessment of the value stream success, which is named Box Score.Lean koncept poslovanja karakteriše se obezbeđivanjem zahtevane vrednosti od strane potrošača, brzom isporukom proizvoda, eliminisanjem svih oblika gubitaka kako iz proizvodnog tako i iz svi poslovnih procesa u preduzeću i slično. Da bi se postigla i održala konkurentska prednost uputno je pažljivo razmotriti i primeniti osnovne principe lean koncepta poslovanja i uspostaviti tokove vrednosti. Tok vrednosti predstavlja osnov kreiranja vrednosti za potrošače, s jedne i preduzeće, s druge strane. U tom smislu, potrebno je odabrati set mera performansi za ocenu uspešnosti tokova vrednosti, koji se naziva Box Score

PODOBNOST OBRAČUNA TROŠKOVA PO AKTIVNOSTIMA ZA LEAN KONCEPT POSLOVANJA

Lean business concept is characterized by securing the required customer value, quick product delivery, elimination of all forms of waste both from production and from all business processes in the company. In order to successfully respond to such requests, company managers need an appropriate information base. One of the possible information bases is activity-based costing. The paper deals with the issue of application and suitability of activity-based costing for lean business concept.Lean koncept poslovanja karakteriše se obezbeđivanjem zahtevane vrednosti od strane potrošača, brzom isporukom proizvoda, eliminisanjem svih oblika gubitaka kako iz proizvodnog tako i iz svih poslovnih procesa u preduzeću. Da bi uspešno odgovorili na ovakve zahteve menadžerima preduzeća potrebna je odgovarajuća informaciona osnova. Jedna od mogućih informacionih osnova jeste obračun troškova po aktivnostima. U radu se obrađuje problematika primene i podobnosti  obračuna troškova po aktivnostima za lean koncept poslovanja

UTICAJ NEMATERIJALNE AKTIVE NA ODRŽIVU STOPU RASTA PREDUZEĆA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI

The digital economy unites a dual typology of resources in enterprises, which can be tangible and intangible. In the language of accounting, it is about tangible and intangible assets. Due to the involvement of digital technologies in companies, intangible assets or intellectual capital became prominent. The sustainable growth of companies in Serbia has great importance for both management and external stakeholders. The presented paper examines the impact of intangible assets, formatted with the VAIC model, on the Sustainable growth rate (SGR) of companies in Serbia. The selected list of companies refers to the most profitable industry sector of the Serbian economy, assessed according to the Serbian Business Registers Agency for 2018. In order to confirm the hypothesis, the synthesis method, the analysis method, and the correlation analysis method were used. There was a significant positive impact of intangible assets on the sustainable growth rate of enterprises and a negative impact of physical assets, which, however, is not statistically significant. Since no research has been recorded in our country that sheds light on the correspondence between intangible assets and SGR, the study has a strong practical significance for this purpose. These results represent at the same time a reference point for our economy and for future entrepreneurs on the way to intensive involvement of intangible assets in companies.Digitalna ekonomija objedinjuje dvojaku tipologiju resursa u preduzećima, koji mogu biti materijalni i nematerijalni. Jezikom računovodstva, reč je o materijalnoj i nematerijalnoj aktivi. Usled involviranja digitalnih tehnologija u preduzećima do izražaja dolazi nematerijalna aktiva ili intelektualni kapital. Održivi rast preduzeća u Srbiji je od izuzetnog značaja kako za menadžment, tako i za eksterne interesente. U predstavljenom radu se ispituje uticaj nematerijalne aktive, formatirane VAIC modelom, na održivu stopu rasta (eng. Sustainable growth rate, u daljem tekstu SGR) preduzeća u Srbiji. Odabrana lista preduzeća odnosi se na najprofitabilniji sektor naše privrede ocenjen prema Agenciji za privredne registre za 2018. godinu. U cilju potvrđivanja hipoteza, sintetički metod, metod analize i metod korelacije je upotrebljen. Dokazan je značajan pozitivan uticaj nematerijalne aktive na održivu stopu rasta preduzeća i negativan uticaj fizičke aktive, koji međutim nije statistički značajan. Budući da u našoj zemlji nije zabeleženo istraživanje koje rasvetljava korespondiranje nematerijalne aktive i SGR, studija u ovu svrhu ima snažan praktični značaj. Navedeni rezultati predstavljaju ujedno i orijentacionu tačku našoj privredi i budućim preduzetnicima na putu ka intenzivnom involviranju nematerijalne aktive u preduzećima

PODOBNOST TARGET COSTINGA ZA POTREBE UNAPREĐENJA LEAN LANCA SNABDEVANJA

Competitive advantage can be seen as the superiority of some market participants to properly use resources and utilize key competencies to deliver greater value than competitors, without compromising product quality and functionality. In that sense, accounting, especially management accounting, successfully responds to managers’ needs for information that will be their adequate support in strategy implementation. Lean concept and target costing are just some of the concepts whose strategic orientation can be a good support to managers. The aim of this paper is to point out the similarities and differences between lean concept and target costing and to show on a practical example how these concepts bring business improvements in supply chain.Konkurentsku prednost možemo da posmatramo kao superiornost nekog od učesnika na tržištu da pravilnom upotrebom resursa i iskorišćavanjem ključnih kompetencija isporuči veću vrednost od konkurenata a da pri tome ne ugrozi kvalitet i funkcionalnost proizvoda. U tom smislu, računovodstvo, a posebno upravljačko računovodstvo, uspešno odgovara na zahteve manadžera za obezbeđivanjem informacija koje će biti adekvatna podrška menadžerima u realizaciji postavljene strategije. Lean koncept i target costing samo su neki od koncepta koji svojom strategijskom orijentacijom mogu biti dobra podrška menadžerima. Cilj rada je da ukaže na sličnosti i razlike lean koncepta i target costinga i da prikaže na praktičnom primeru kako se iskorišćavanjem prednosti navedenih koncepta postižu unapređenja poslovanja u lancu snabdevanja