La Croix du Nord : supplément régional à la Croix de Paris ["puis" grand journal quotidien du Nord de la France]

08 avril 19111911/04/08 (A22,N7462).Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : NordPdeC

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Relationships between mitochondrial content and bioenergetics with obesity, body composition and fat distribution in healthy older adults

Regression analysis comparing Vastus lateralis mitochondrial content, measured as citrate synthase enzyme activity with percent fat and subcutaneous thigh fat mass. (ODP 37 kb

Effect of MFN2 deficiency on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) profile.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Serial measurements of OCR at 7 minute intervals (“measurement number”) in MFN2-deficienct (MFN2-) and control (empty virus transduced <i>“CTL”</i> or non-transduced; <i>“NT”</i>) cells at baseline and after the addition of oligomyin, CCCP, or antimycin. Results of a single representative study with five replicate OCR measurements and their SD is shown. (<b>B</b>) OCR due to baseline ATP turnover rate (<i>baseline minus oligomycin OCR</i>) in each group expressed as the mean and SD of 3 separate experiments; NS “non significant; <i>P</i>>0.05. (<b>C</b>) OCR due to maximal mitochondrial ATP turnover rate (<i>CCCP stimulated minus oligomycin OCR</i>) in each group expressed as the mean and SD of 3 separate experiments; NS “non significant; <i>P</i>>0.05.</p

Effect of MFN2 deficiency on mitochondrial Bax translocation, and outer membrane injury.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Immunoblot of Bax (<i>upper panel</i>) in mitochondrial membrane fractions of MFN2^f/f proximal tubule epithelial cells exposed to no virus (<i>NT</i>), empty virus (<i>CTL</i>) or Cre adenovirus (<i>MFN2-</i>) at baseline and 30 min post ATP-depletion; F₁F₀ ATPase serves as loading control (<i>lower panel</i>). (<b>B</b>) Immunoblot analysis of cytochrome c (<i>upper panel</i>) and Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) (<i>middle panel</i>) in cytosolic fractions harvested from non-viral transduced cells (<i>NT</i>) or cells transduced with either empty virus (<i>CTL</i>) or Cre adenovirus (<i>MFN2-</i>) at baseline and 30 min after ATP depletion. ß-actin loading control (<i>lower panel</i>). (<b>C</b>) Densitometric analysis of mitochondrial Bax accumulation as well as the leakage of cytochrome c and AIF in renal tubule epithelial cells after ATP depletion; data represent the mean and SE of 4 separate experiments; <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Effect of MFN2 conditional knockout on renal apoptosis.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Wide field fluorescent microscopy of kidney sections from wild type and MFN2 cKO four day old littermates stained with Hoechst dye injected intraperitoneally prior to sacrifice; remarkably few apoptotic cells were detected in either group. (<b>B</b>) Quantitative analysis of apoptotic cells in kidney sections of wild type and MFN2 cKO mice (n = 5/group). Data represent the mean and SD; * <i>P</i>>0.05.</p

Effect of MFN2 conditional knockout on tubular function in four day old mice.

<p>MFN2 cKO did not result in overt urinary defects in either protein or glucose excretion, pH, or specific gravity.</p

Effect of MFN2 deficiency on Bax activation.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Immunoblot of active Bax (<i>upper panel</i>) detected with an anti-6A7 epitope-specific antibody in MFN2^f/f proximal tubule epithelial lysates of cells transduced with no virus (<i>NT</i>), empty adenovirus (<i>CTL</i>) or Cre adenovirus (<i>MFN2-</i>) at baseline and 30 min after ATP depletion; total Bax controls are show for sample loading <i>(lower panel)</i>; and (<b>B</b>) densitometric analysis of the relative increase in active 6A7-Bax content after metabolic stress.</p

Effect of MFN2 conditional knockout on hematocrit and blood urea nitrogen (BUN).

<p>Hematocrit and BUN levels four days after birth. (<b>A</b>) Hematocrit was minimally increased in MFN2 cKO animals suggesting that they were volume depleted (<b>B</b>) BUN was slightly decreased in MFN2 cKO animals. (* <i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs.</i> wild-type (WT); n = 8/group). Data represent the mean and SE; <i>P</i><0.05.</p

Generation and phenotype of MFN2 cKO mice.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Two LoxP sites flank exon 6 in the region coding for the canonical G-1 GTPase motif are shown. Cre recombinase excises exon 6 that causes a frame shift which precludes functional protein production. For <i>in vivo</i> experiments, animals were crossed with Pax2-Cre expressing mice creating MFN2 conditional knockouts (MFN2 cKO). (<b>B</b>) MFN2 cKO mice are significantly smaller than wild type littermate controls. * <i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs. WW</i>; n≥8 per group. (<b>C</b>) MFN2 content in wild type and MFN2 cKO kidney homogenates. The MFN2-specific band is absent in homogenates harvested from MFN2 cKO mice. (<b>D</b>) MFN2 immunofluorescence staining in littermate wild type and MFN2 knockout kidney sections. MFN2 staining is absent in MFN2 cKO animals; 200× magnification (<i>inset</i>: 400× magnification). (<b>E</b>) Immunostaining for F₁F₀-ATPase, an intrinsic mitochondrial membrane protein, in wild type and MFN2 cKO kidney; mitochondria(<i>white arrows</i>) in tubule epithelia of MFN2 cKO mice appear fragmented and punctate compared to wild type littermates. Hoechst dye was used to stain tubule cell nuclei.</p

Effect of MFN2 deficiency on apoptosis after metabolic stress.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Wide field fluorescent microscopy of Cre (MFN2-) and empty (CTL) adenovirus transduced cells stained with Hoechst dye after 3 hr ATP depletion induced by cyanide exposure in glucose free medium followed by and 6 hr recovery in complete medium; apoptotic cells are brightly stained, small and round. (<b>B</b>) Quantitative analysis of apoptotic cell number in five randomly selected fields under each experimental condition; ^#<i>P</i><0.05 <i>vs.</i> EV/Base or CRE/Base, respectively; * <i>P</i><0.05 vs. EV/Rec. Data represent the mean and SE of at least 3 separate experiments.</p