Forward and reverse sequences of the primers for rt-PCR.

<p>Forward and reverse sequences of the primers for rt-PCR.</p

The effects of maternal smoke exposure on growth and development in offspring.

<p>Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 11–23.</p><p>*p<0.05.</p><p>SE: smoke exposed.</p

The effects of maternal smoke exposure on renal function in offspring.

<p>Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 3–11.</p><p>*p<0.05.</p><p>SE: smoke exposed.</p

Additional file 2: Table S2. of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine discriminates between parathyroid adenoma and carcinoma

Clinical data for patients with parathyroid carcinoma. Tumor nos. 1–9, 13, 14, 16, and 17 present primary PCs and 10–12 and 15 metastases. Tumor nos. 10 and 11 and 14 and 15 were from the same patient, respectively. The following five PCs have been published previously. Tumor no. 3 [13], no. 4 [40], and no. 11–13 [41]. Negative staining for parafibromin was detected in PC nos. 2, 3, and 5–8 and positive staining in nos. 1, 4, and 9 (unpublished results). (EPS 1549 kb

Additional file 4: Figure S1. of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine discriminates between parathyroid adenoma and carcinoma

A, Immunohistochemical analysis of 5hmC and TET1 in paraffin imbedded PCs. Scale bar, 100 μm. All PCs stained positive for PTH (not shown). Same numbering of the PCs as in Additional file 3: Table S3. Carcinoma nos. 2 and 8 are shown in Fig. 2. B, Normal liver tissue was used as positive control and stained with or without the primary TET1 antibody. Clear TET1 nuclear staining was observed only in the presence of the primary antibody. Scale bar, 100 μm. (EPS 324013 kb

Expression of kidney injury markers in offspring mice at W13.

<p>Renal mRNA expression of pro-fibrotic marker fibronectin (A) and collagen IV (B) did not change between the offspring from SE dams and control dams due to maternal smoke exposure at week (W)13. Pro-inflammatory marker MCP-1 (C) mRNA expression in offspring from SE dams was significantly higher compare to offspring from control dams at W13. n = 4–6. *p<0.05, maternal smoke exposure effect.</p

Glomeruli size in offspring of SE dams.

<p>Kidney PAS staining showing glomerular size in the offspring of Control (1^st column) and smoke exposed dams (SE, 2^nd column) at postnatal (P)1 (A, B), P20 (C, D) and week (W)13 (E, F). Enlarged glomeruli are shown in early postnatal life (P20) and reduced glomeruli size was shown at adulthood (W13) in offspring from SE dams. n = 3–4. *p<0.05 maternal smoke exposure effect.</p

The effects of smoking on female breeders.

<p>Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 20.</p><p><b>*</b>p<0.05,</p><p><b>**</b>p<0.01.</p><p>SE: smoke exposed.</p

Glomerular number in offspring of SE dams.

<p>Kidney H&E stained sections from the offspring of Control (1^st column) and smoke exposed dams (SE, 2^nd column right panel) at postnatal (P)1 (A, B), P20 (C, D), and week (W)13 (E, F). Reduced glomerular numbers was shown in offspring from SE dams at birth (P1), early postnatal life (P20) and adulthood (W13). Mag. 20X. Closed arrows show mature and fully vascularized glomeruli and open arrows show underdeveloped glomeruli. Numbers of developed glomeruli are shown in the 3^rd column. n = 6–8. *p<0.05 and #p<0.01, maternal smoke exposure effect.</p

Additional file 1: Table S1. of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine discriminates between parathyroid adenoma and carcinoma

Clinical data (serum PTH, serum calcium, tumor weight, age) for patients with parathyroid adenoma. (EPS 3563 kb