Sustainable Development Challenges in Cameroon Estuarine complex and Opportunities for Integrated Management: Focus on the fisheries sector

摘要 海岸带地区，通常被视为世界上拥有巨大财富和具有社会经济发展前景的地区。众多较具生产力的农业种植活动及其他以传统资源为基础的活动如沿海渔业、养殖业、林业等都位于河流三角洲和沿海平原地区。周边还存在如工业，航运，旅游和采矿等活动。像其他许多发展中国家一样，喀麦隆的经济仍然处于完全依赖自然资源以及庞大的人口劳动力密度资源特别是年轻人。但这些国家和地区都拥有了许多自然资源，特别是海岸带和海洋生态系统。而海岸带地区一般都是当代和后代的社会经济发展前景很好的中心地区。 本论文重点调查研究了喀麦隆河口地区复杂的生态系统，包括泄湖、红树林、溪流、泥流、沙坝、沼泽地带等生态系统的现状，特别是渔...Abstract The economy of Cameroon as well as most other developing countries is still entirely natural resource-based, necessitating huge population concentrations, especially of youthful age groups, in areas endowed with such natural resources, especially coastal and marine ecosystems. Estuarine areas for example are centres of great socio-economic prospects for current and future generations. T...学位：理学硕士院系专业：海洋与海岸带发展研究院_海洋事务学号：2232009115418

Liaising Water Resources Consumption, Urban Sanitation and Cholera Epidemics in Douala, Cameroon: A Community Vulnerability Assessment

The occurrence of cholera on the Atlantic coast of Cameroon, especially in Douala is not just a public health crisis but a humanitarian disaster as well. From 2010 to 2012, 23,000 people contracted cholera of which 843 died. Based on a field inventory (2010, 2011 and 2012 epidemiological periods), this study posits that, cholera endemic heavily impacts the younger age groups, with the young adult and adult age groups being the most vulnerable. As concerns sex, the males are far more vulnerable than females. Cholera risk factors such as slum settlements, lack of proper social amenities and services, for example, potable water; drainage; waste collection; hygiene and sanitation facilities, are generally spread throughout the Atlantic coast, though characterized by glaring unevenness. Social characteristics not generally considered in public health strategies, including: attitudes towards hygiene and sanitation; limited knowledge of diseases/cholera transmission mechanisms, as well as “magico-religious” beliefs on the origins of cholera, are, however reasons for the high vulnerability to cholera and/or major hindrances to effective mitigation. Though there appears to be a direct relationship between the existence of cholera risk factors and community vulnerability, it might be deduced that social attitudes and beliefs are the bridge linking these two concepts. Keywords: Water resources consumption, Cholera epidemics, Sanitation, Community vulnerabilit

Governing knowledge for development: Knowledge clusters in Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia

With the dwindling of natural resources, like oil and gas, even resource-rich countries like Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia have to re-adjust their development strategies. Governing knowledge for development (K4D) is seen as a way out of the dilemma of reduced revenues from natural resources. This paper analyses the attempts to create knowledge clusters as a strategy to move Brunei and Malaysia towards knowledge-based economies. Our study shows that several knowledge clusters have already been established in Peninsular Malaysia and are starting to emerge in Brunei Darussalam. The paper is structured as follows: the first section explains the dangers of falling into a "knowledge trap" and the strategies a country may adopt to govern knowledge. The second section looks at the epistemic landscapes in Peninsular Malaysia. Two knowledge clusters are the focal points of analysis, namely the North Corridor-Penang Knowledge Cluster and the Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC-Cyberjaya) Knowledge Cluster. We then provide empirical evidence of knowledge cluster formation in Brunei Darussalam as an effort to build up knowledge institutions and to diversify its economy. The paper ends with recommendations how to build the basis for a move towards a knowledge-based economy

The Governance of Knowledge: Perspectives from Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia

The paper revisits the concept of knowledge governance by drawing on the experience of building knowledge clusters in two countries; Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. It explores the strategies by which a country may take up the governance of knowledge, in the context of avoiding the knowledge trap drawing on experiences of Southeast Asian countries. We posit that an investigation of knowledge governance would require a study of the formal and informal institutional arrangements allowing knowledge flows in a cluster. The flow of tacit knowledge in particular may still require spatial proximity. We move on to explore the different perspectives of learning from the strategies of building knowledge clusters in Penang, Kuala Lumpur, Peninsular Malaysia and Brunei Muara District - Brunei Darussalam. Our research builds the foundation for knowledge governance inquiry by studying the spatial distribution of manpower and the science network of universities, in this case Universiti Sains Malaysia, with external knowledge producing organizations. Learning from the experience of the Northern Corridor and Multi Media Corridor in Malaysia, we have discussed our preliminary analysis of knowledge clusters in Brunei Muara District - Brunei Darussalam. Results of the analysis highlights that indeed there is increasing clustering of organizations such as private companies and government agencies in Brunei Muara District yet knowledge sharing is still lacking. We intend to follow up the study of Brunei Muara District knowledge cluster by focusing on the ICT (Information Communication and Technology) knowledge base. We end with a summary on the conclusions and recommendations for developing a knowledge base in Brunei Darussalam

Waterlogged but Thirsty: a Case Study of the Relationship between Water management and Health in Cameroon

This paper gives an illustrative view of Cameroon's abundant water resources which unfortunately due to the lack of comprehensive information, an inadequate legal and institutional framework, weak enforcement capacity, poor coordination among agencies and other obstacles to sound, sustainable water management, the country faces serious degradation and depletion of water resources. Consequently, the country suffers from a host of water-related problems, in the form of outbreaks of epidemics

The Governance of Knowledge: Perspectives from Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia

The paper revisits the concept of knowledge governance by drawing on the experience of building knowledge clusters in two countries; Malaysia and Brunei Darussalam. It explores the strategies by which a country may take up the governance of knowledge, in the context of avoiding the knowledge trap drawing on experiences of Southeast Asian countries. We posit that an investigation of knowledge governance would require a study of the formal and informal institutional arrangements allowing knowledge flows in a cluster. The flow of tacit knowledge in particular may still require spatial proximity. We move on to explore the different perspectives of learning from the strategies of building knowledge clusters in Penang, Kuala Lumpur, Peninsular Malaysia and Brunei Muara District - Brunei Darussalam. Our research builds the foundation for knowledge governance inquiry by studying the spatial distribution of manpower and the science network of universities, in this case Universiti Sains Malaysia, with external knowledge producing organizations. Learning from the experience of the Northern Corridor and Multi Media Corridor in Malaysia, we have discussed our preliminary analysis of knowledge clusters in Brunei Muara District - Brunei Darussalam. Results of the analysis highlights that indeed there is increasing clustering of organizations such as private companies and government agencies in Brunei Muara District yet knowledge sharing is still lacking. We intend to follow up the study of Brunei Muara District knowledge cluster by focusing on the ICT (Information Communication and Technology) knowledge base. We end with a summary on the conclusions and recommendations for developing a knowledge base in Brunei Darussalam

A Systematic Study of Disaster Risk in Brunei Darussalam and Options for Vulnerability-Based Disaster Risk Reduction

Abstract This systematic study of disaster risk and disaster management efforts in Brunei Darussalam uncovers the reasons why floods and landslides in particular continue to inflict significant social, economic, and psychological toll. Vulnerability to the impacts of hydro-meteorological hazards continue to rise despite international awareness and improved disaster governance and information, and regardless of the vast financial and material resources spent on structural and nonstructural measures for disaster relief and community awareness. Our premise is that, a poor diagnosis of the disaster risk issue is at the root of the disaster risk dilemma in Brunei Darussalam. We conducted our vulnerability-centered disaster risk assessment based largely on the Pressure and Release (PAR) Model proposed by Wisner et al. Our research results reveal that: (1) Hazard-risk in Brunei is high due to the impact of global climate change, the country’s local geography, and Brunei’s relative location in the Asia–Pacific Region. Limited reporting of localized disasters to international databases however fuels the misperception of low disaster risk in Brunei; (2) High community vulnerability and disaster risk is due to limited knowledge, awareness, and motivation among the general population, which prevents effective mitigation and adaptation to low magnitude but recurrent hazardous events; and (3) Partial incorporation of disaster risk reduction into governance structures and development plans contributes to heightened disaster risks. Integrated frameworks are proposed that can minimize social vulnerability, reduce disaster risk, and enhance community resilience and adaptive capacity as part of a strengthened governance mechanism. Coupled with improvements in preparedness, response, recovery, and reconstruction promoted by the National Disaster Management Centre (NDMC), vulnerability and disaster risk can be minimized, and a more inclusive and sustainable growth can be generated

Tadbir urus pengetahuan: sudut pandang dari Brunei Darussalam dan Malaysia

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka pelbagai perspektif pembelajaran dari strategi pembangunan kelompok pengetahuan di Malaysia dan di Brunei Darussalam. Ianya berdasarkan penyelidikan empirikal yang dijalankan di Malaysia pada tahun 2009 sehingga 2010 dan di Brunei Darussalam pada tahun 2013. Pemerhatian secara khusus telah dibuat terhadap sebahagian tenaga manusia di Pulau Pinang, Cyberjaya dan serangkaian universiti sains antaranya Universiti Sains Malaysia. Berdasarkan dari pengalaman di Koridor Utara dan Koridor Multi Media di Malaysia, kajian ini menunjukkan terdapatnya trend kelompok pengetahuan yang berbeza di Semenanjung Malaysia. Kelompok pengetahuan di Cyberjaya menunjukkan terdapatnya penguasa negara dan golongan elit dalam pembangunan kelompok tersebut. Kelompok pengetahuan di Pulau Pinang menunjukkan terdapatnya penglibatan kerajaan negeri, trajektori sejarah dan kepelbagaian syarikat-syarikat. Kelompok pengetahuan daerah Brunei-Muara di Brunei Darussalam pula mengetengahkan hakikat bahawa terdapat peningkatan pengelompokan fizikal organisasi seperti syarikat swasta dan agensi kerajaan akan tetapi perkongsian ilmu masih tidak mencukupi. Kajian ini akan menangani isu-isu makro akan tetapi data empirikal hanya terhad kepada tiga kes ketara kelompok pengetahuan di Malaysia dan di Brunei Darussalam. Dengan memberi tumpuan kepada strategi pengelolaan pengetahuan di Brunei Darussalam dan Malaysia, kami telah menjawab persoalan utama kajian ini iaitu: bagaimanakah sesebuah negara itu boleh mengelak dari ‘perangkap pengetahuan’? Kami berhasrat untuk menyumbang kepada kesusasteraan mengenai kajian terhadap kelompok pengetahuan dan pengelolaan pengetahuan dengan mengemukakan teori-teori baru dan data perbandingan asli berdasarkan bidang penyelidikan