The CatWISE Preliminary Catalog: Motions from WISE{\it WISE} and NEOWISE{\it NEOWISE} Data

CatWISE is a program to catalog sources selected from combined ${\it WISE}$ and ${\it NEOWISE}$ all-sky survey data at 3.4 and 4.6 $\mu$m (W1 and W2). The CatWISE Preliminary Catalog consists of 900,849,014 sources measured in data collected from 2010 to 2016. This dataset represents four times as many exposures and spans over ten times as large a time baseline as that used for the AllWISE Catalog. CatWISE adapts AllWISE software to measure the sources in coadded images created from six-month subsets of these data, each representing one coverage of the inertial sky, or epoch. The catalog includes the measured motion of sources in 8 epochs over the 6.5 year span of the data. From comparison to ${\it Spitzer}$, the SNR=5 limits in magnitudes in the Vega system are W1=17.67 and W2=16.47, compared to W1=16.96 and W2=16.02 for AllWISE. From comparison to ${\it Gaia}$, CatWISE positions have typical accuracies of 50 mas for stars at W1=10 mag and 275 mas for stars at W1=15.5 mag. Proper motions have typical accuracies of 10 mas yr$^{-1}$ and 30 mas yr$^{-1}$ for stars with these brightnesses, an order of magnitude better than from AllWISE. The catalog is available in the WISE/NEOWISE Enhanced and Contributed Products area of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive.Comment: 53 pages, 20 figures, 5 tables. Accepted by ApJ

The CatWISE2020 Catalog

The CatWISE2020 Catalog consists of 1,890,715,640 sources over the entire sky selected from WISE and NEOWISE survey data at 3.4 and 4.6 $\mu$m (W1 and W2) collected from 2010 Jan. 7 to 2018 Dec. 13. This dataset adds two years to that used for the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog (Eisenhardt et al., 2020), bringing the total to six times as many exposures spanning over sixteen times as large a time baseline as the AllWISE catalog. The other major change from the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog is that the detection list for the CatWISE2020 Catalog was generated using ${\it crowdsource}$ (Schlafly et al. 2019), while the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog used the detection software used for AllWISE. These two factors result in roughly twice as many sources in the CatWISE2020 Catalog. The scatter with respect to ${\it Spitzer}$ photometry at faint magnitudes in the COSMOS field, which is out of the Galactic plane and at low ecliptic latitude (corresponding to lower WISE coverage depth) is similar to that for the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog. The 90% completeness depth for the CatWISE2020 Catalog is at W1=17.7 mag and W2=17.5 mag, 1.7 mag deeper than in the CatWISE Preliminary Catalog. From comparison to ${\it Gaia}$, CatWISE2020 motions are accurate at the 20 mas yr$^{-1}$ level for W1$\sim$15 mag sources, and at the $\sim100$ mas yr$^{-1}$ level for W1$\sim$17 mag sources. This level of precision represents a 12$\times$ improvement over AllWISE. The CatWISE catalogs are available in the WISE/NEOWISE Enhanced and Contributed Products area of the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive.Comment: 27 pages, 24 figure, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJS. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1908.0890

Racialized Authentication: Constructing Representations Of The Florida Highwaymen

This article explores how art world professionals and cultural publicists construct representations of a group of rediscovered black artists, who painted from the end of the Jim Crow era to the present. Examining their writings, statements from interviews, and their interactions with audiences at public events, I show how they represented the artists as both exotic self-taught artists and achievers of the American Dream. I introduce the term racialized authentication to frame a branch of racial rhetoric through which the various actors draw from both traditional racial stereotypes and new racism ideology to construct authentic artists. In conclusion, I address how these findings have implications for the integration of contemporary research on race and sociological studies of art worlds. © 2012 Midwest Sociological Society

Maintaining Art-World Membership: Self-Taught Identity Work Of The Florida Highwaymen

In this article, we examine how a group of aging black artists, labeled The Florida Highwaymen, maintained membership in a self-taught art world. Based on fieldwork, interviews, and Web sites, we analyze how the artists constructed identities in ways that enabled them to continue benefiting from the art world, even when they appeared in violation of membership criteria or codes. Such identity work involved affiliating with the artist collective, aligning with the self-taught identity code, and denying and reframing code violations. Rather than adopting racist imagery employed by art-world insiders, they drew from color-blind tactics and cultural discourses to maintain membership in the self-taught art world, and their dignity. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of an identity work approach for the sociology of art worlds and has implications for exploring how people construct selves to maintain membership benefits in other social arenas

Sustaining The Retail Pilgrimage: Developments Of Fast Fashion And Authentic Identities

This article critically reviews the interaction between production and consumption in the apparel industry, focusing on changes that have occurred in the past decade. Specifically, we examine connections between supply and demand for products in a market noted for its volatility and product life cycles that can be measured in weeks. Many studies have examined how supply chain rationalization has imposed greater demands upon manufacturers to meet cost, quality, and delivery mandates. However, fewer studies examine how changing consumer demand both affects and is affected by the resulting retail revolution of Fast Fashion - a new breed of retailers who stock new items more frequently, selling inexpensive ‘fashion forward’ items to more style conscious consumers. We argue that retailers have realized that enhanced designs provide transient consumer value and a more effective matching of supply and demand. We theorize how consumers, meanwhile, behave strategically by visiting stores more often and increasing the frequency of their purchases, which can correspond with increasingly fluid and contextualized construction of pluralized authentic identities

Black Authenticity: Defining The Ideals And Expectations In The Construction Of Real Blackness

This review presents an overview of research on Black authenticity. As the definition of Black authenticity is often not made explicit in literature, the complexity and nuance of this cultural resource can be overlooked. We explore two trends of Black authenticity present within literature, which we label as commodifying realness and legitimating membership. Beyond offering a working definition and review of these trends, this review also attempts to highlight the importance of the interconnectedness between controlling images and individuals\u27 negotiations of Black authenticity. We conclude by summarizing the importance of studying Black authenticity and suggesting future directions for research. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

(In)Authenticity Work: Constructing The Realm Of Inauthenticity Through Thomas Kinkade

Although we know that authenticity work can add value to cultural products, little research explores efforts to claim the inauthenticity of products in commercial markets. The question arises, how does the critical reception of a popular culture phenomenon employ a form of authenticity work to determine the cultural products eligible - or ineligible - for the status of authentic? This research seeks to answer this question through a comprehensive content analysis of 328 documents from 1998 to 2012 related to the late artist Thomas Kinkade. We put forth the term inauthenticity work to explain how cultural intermediaries defined cultural products as antithetical to authenticity. Even in the face of immense commercial success, intermediaries constructed Kinkade\u27s work as exemplifying inauthenticity, defining his work as mass produced, insincere, escapist, and oppositional to high art. Such inauthenticity work reveals that even if there is greater variance in cultural products eligible for authentication, intermediaries uphold culture boundaries through critically maintaining a cultural realm of inauthenticity

Friendship Talk As Identity Work: Defining The Self Through Friend Relationships

This paper places friendships at the center of individuals\u27 identity work, examining how individuals construct self-identities through their talk about friend relationships and networks. We conceptualize this friendship talk as a subcategory of identity talk. From interviews with emerging adults, we find three strategies of friendship talk: envisioning self through others, betterment distancing, and situating with networks. These strategies demonstrate unique ways identity construction occurs through talk about friends. Individuals verbally connect with and separate from friends while constructing desired selves and moral identities. We suggest that friendship talk strategies may be generic social processes that apply beyond emerging adulthood

Rules Of The Road: Doing Fieldwork And Negotiating Interactions With Hesitant Public Figures

In this article, we address negotiating interactions with hesitant participants who are public figures, yet do not traditionally fit within the category of the advantaged. We target new field researchers and rusty veterans by offering an applied approach to: (1) preparing for the field; (2) managing interactions with hesitant participants via finding common ground while drawing lines, connecting with key informants, and expanding on public information; and (3) working through failed interviews. We discuss the importance of power relationships, positionality, and ethical standards, particularly in relation to negotiating similarities and differences between researchers and participants