Economics of Smoked Farmed Catfish in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria

The study examined economics of smoked farmed Catfish in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to select 80 farmed-catfish processors from 20 communities. Primary data were collected through interview schedule and presented using percentages, mean, and 2-stage least square regression analysis. Results showed that the use of local oven (banda kilns) constitute the majority (at least 67%) of the method used in fish smoking. Roles such as gutting, folding, salting/brining, setting of fire and fish monitoring were mostly performed by the women, while the men and youths supply fire woods as well as fish arrangement on racks. The average gender ratio between the men, women and youths was 0.80, indicating a near gender equality in terms of value of fixed assets, revenue, employees and wage. Profitability indicators showed that smoke fish processing is a viable business with return on investment of 11.71 % for the men, 9.99 % for the women and 8.48 % for the youths respectively. The major determinants of net-income were age, experience and initial capital investment. Hence, it is recommended that the processing industry should be strengthened through subsidy on improved smoking kilns to enable processors produce high quality processed farmed catfish

Economics of Smoked Farmed Catfish in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria

The study examined economics of smoked farmed Catfish in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to select 80 farmed-catfish processors from 20 communities. Primary data were collected through interview schedule and presented using percentages, mean, and 2-stage least square regression analysis. Results showed that the use of local oven (banda kilns) constitute the majority (at least 67%) of the method used in fish smoking. Roles such as gutting, folding, salting/brining, setting of fire and fish monitoring were mostly performed by the women, while the men and youths supply fire woods as well as fish arrangement on racks. The average gender ratio between the men, women and youths was 0.80, indicating a near gender equality in terms of value of fixed assets, revenue, employees and wage. Profitability indicators showed that smoke fish processing is a viable business with return on investment of 11.71 % for the men, 9.99 % for the women and 8.48 % for the youths respectively. The major determinants of net-income were age, experience and initial capital investment. Hence, it is recommended that the processing industry should be strengthened through subsidy on improved smoking kilns to enable processors produce high quality processed farmed catfish

Economics of Smoked Farmed Catfish in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria

The study examined economics of smoked farmed Catfish in Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria. Random sampling technique was used to select 80 farmed-catfish processors from 20 communities. Primary data were collected through interview schedule and presented using percentages, mean, and 2-stage least square regression analysis. Results showed that the use of local oven (banda kilns) constitute the majority (at least 67%) of the method used in fish smoking. Roles such as gutting, folding, salting/brining, setting of fire and fish monitoring were mostly performed by the women, while the men and youths supply fire woods as well as fish arrangement on racks. The average gender ratio between the men, women and youths was 0.80, indicating a near gender equality in terms of value of fixed assets, revenue, employees and wage. Profitability indicators showed that smoke fish processing is a viable business with return on investment of 11.71 % for the men, 9.99 % for the women and 8.48 % for the youths respectively. The major determinants of net-income were age, experience and initial capital investment. Hence, it is recommended that the processing industry should be strengthened through subsidy on improved smoking kilns to enable processors produce high quality processed farmed catfish

Participation of Stakeholders in Aquaculture Value Chain of the West African Agricultural Productivity Programme in Nigeria

The study assessed gender mainstreaming in West African Agricultural Productivity Programme in aquaculture value chain of the Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria. A two stage sampling technique was used to select 294 value chain actors across 20 communities. Also, Pie charts, logistics regression analysis, 3 point Likert-type scale rating technique and strategic decision matrix were used to analyse primary data. The result shows that 40% of the beneficiaries of fingerlings, fish feed and fish ponds in the programme were men, 26% were women and 34% were youths. Also, 49% of the beneficiaries of improved variety of crop seeds were men, 30% were youths and 21% were women while 66% of the beneficiaries of the NIFFR-WAAPP improved smoking kilns were women, 13% were men and 21% were youths. The determinants of participation in the programme were marital status, extension visits, membership of an association and experience. Furthermore, there were moderate financial requirements (need for loan and equipment) in feed milling (2.23), fish processing (2.30) and wholesale marketing (2.02), while the financial requirement in table-size fish farming was high (2.59). There were moderate development potentials (impacts on income, employment, poverty reduction and food security) in feed milling (2.33), fish processing (2.32) and wholesale marketing (1.99), while the development potential of table-size fish farming was high (2.55). It is therefore recommended that future interventions/programmes in the value chain should make necessary provisions for the financial needs of each value chain with the adoption of backward-forward integration of women and youths in the value chain

Participation of Stakeholders in Aquaculture Value Chain of the West African Agricultural Productivity Programme in Nigeria

The study assessed gender mainstreaming in West African Agricultural Productivity Programme in aquaculture value chain of the Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria. A two stage sampling technique was used to select 294 value chain actors across 20 communities. Also, Pie charts, logistics regression analysis, 3 point Likert-type scale rating technique and strategic decision matrix were used to analyse primary data. The result shows that 40% of the beneficiaries of fingerlings, fish feed and fish ponds in the programme were men, 26% were women and 34% were youths. Also, 49% of the beneficiaries of improved variety of crop seeds were men, 30% were youths and 21% were women while 66% of the beneficiaries of the NIFFR-WAAPP improved smoking kilns were women, 13% were men and 21% were youths. The determinants of participation in the programme were marital status, extension visits, membership of an association and experience. Furthermore, there were moderate financial requirements (need for loan and equipment) in feed milling (2.23), fish processing (2.30) and wholesale marketing (2.02), while the financial requirement in table-size fish farming was high (2.59). There were moderate development potentials (impacts on income, employment, poverty reduction and food security) in feed milling (2.33), fish processing (2.32) and wholesale marketing (1.99), while the development potential of table-size fish farming was high (2.55). It is therefore recommended that future interventions/programmes in the value chain should make necessary provisions for the financial needs of each value chain with the adoption of backward-forward integration of women and youths in the value chain

Contributions of Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) To Household Livelihood and Poverty reduction in Enugu State Nigeria

Abstract                                                    The study analyzed the contributions of species of NWFPs to farm household’s livelihood and poverty reduction. One hundred and twenty (120) respondents were selected through multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and Probit model were used for the analysis. The results indicated males (63.33 %) had mean age of 56 years and were farmers (53.3%). The average household size was 5 persons and mean years spent in school was 7 years and had medium wealth (50.83%). The most commonly collected plant species of NWFPs were bitter kola (Garcina kola), breadfruit (Treculia africana), bush mango (I.gabonenesis and wombulu), kola nut (Cola nitida), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Icheku (Dalium guinese), African star apple (Chrysophylum albidium), Avocado pear (Persea americana), African bush mango (Dacryodes edulis) and Oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) while the most commonly collected animal species of NWFPs were bee products (Apis mellifera linneaeus 1758), flying termites (Reticulitermes flavipes) and fish (Ictalurus punctatus). Wealth category (p<0.01) and occupation (p<0.01) positively and significantly increase the contributions of NWFPs to household food security. Educational level (p<0.05) had negative and significant effect on the contributions of NWFPs to household food security. On the daily inclusion of NWFPs in respondent’s meals, NWFPs appeared in the meals of the households for a total of 2,150 times (78.5%). The result of the proportion of household food from NWFPs shows that 53.33% indicated that species of NWFPs constituted over 50% of their household food. Household size and occupation positively and significantly (p<0.01) increased the contributions of NWFPs to household income. Household size and occupation positively and significantly (p<0.01) increased the contributions of NWFPs to household income. NWFPs appeared in the market wares of the households for a total of 381 times (79.4%). The result of the proportion of household income from NWFPs shows that 54.43% indicated that species of NWFPs constituted over 50% of their household income.       Key words – Non Wood Forest Products, Household food security, Household income,                                          Commonly collected, Enugu stat

Contributions of Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) To Household Livelihood and Poverty reduction in Enugu State Nigeria

Abstract                                                    The study analyzed the contributions of species of NWFPs to farm household’s livelihood and poverty reduction. One hundred and twenty (120) respondents were selected through multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and Probit model were used for the analysis. The results indicated males (63.33 %) had mean age of 56 years and were farmers (53.3%). The average household size was 5 persons and mean years spent in school was 7 years and had medium wealth (50.83%). The most commonly collected plant species of NWFPs were bitter kola (Garcina kola), breadfruit (Treculia africana), bush mango (I.gabonenesis and wombulu), kola nut (Cola nitida), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Icheku (Dalium guinese), African star apple (Chrysophylum albidium), Avocado pear (Persea americana), African bush mango (Dacryodes edulis) and Oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) while the most commonly collected animal species of NWFPs were bee products (Apis mellifera linneaeus 1758), flying termites (Reticulitermes flavipes) and fish (Ictalurus punctatus). Wealth category (p<0.01) and occupation (p<0.01) positively and significantly increase the contributions of NWFPs to household food security. Educational level (p<0.05) had negative and significant effect on the contributions of NWFPs to household food security. On the daily inclusion of NWFPs in respondent’s meals, NWFPs appeared in the meals of the households for a total of 2,150 times (78.5%). The result of the proportion of household food from NWFPs shows that 53.33% indicated that species of NWFPs constituted over 50% of their household food. Household size and occupation positively and significantly (p<0.01) increased the contributions of NWFPs to household income. Household size and occupation positively and significantly (p<0.01) increased the contributions of NWFPs to household income. NWFPs appeared in the market wares of the households for a total of 381 times (79.4%). The result of the proportion of household income from NWFPs shows that 54.43% indicated that species of NWFPs constituted over 50% of their household income.       Key words – Non Wood Forest Products, Household food security, Household income,                                          Commonly collected, Enugu stat

Contributions of Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) To Household Livelihood and Poverty reduction in Enugu State Nigeria

Abstract                                                    The study analyzed the contributions of species of NWFPs to farm household’s livelihood and poverty reduction. One hundred and twenty (120) respondents were selected through multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and Probit model were used for the analysis. The results indicated males (63.33 %) had mean age of 56 years and were farmers (53.3%). The average household size was 5 persons and mean years spent in school was 7 years and had medium wealth (50.83%). The most commonly collected plant species of NWFPs were bitter kola (Garcina kola), breadfruit (Treculia africana), bush mango (I.gabonenesis and wombulu), kola nut (Cola nitida), cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Icheku (Dalium guinese), African star apple (Chrysophylum albidium), Avocado pear (Persea americana), African bush mango (Dacryodes edulis) and Oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla) while the most commonly collected animal species of NWFPs were bee products (Apis mellifera linneaeus 1758), flying termites (Reticulitermes flavipes) and fish (Ictalurus punctatus). Wealth category (p<0.01) and occupation (p<0.01) positively and significantly increase the contributions of NWFPs to household food security. Educational level (p<0.05) had negative and significant effect on the contributions of NWFPs to household food security. On the daily inclusion of NWFPs in respondent’s meals, NWFPs appeared in the meals of the households for a total of 2,150 times (78.5%). The result of the proportion of household food from NWFPs shows that 53.33% indicated that species of NWFPs constituted over 50% of their household food. Household size and occupation positively and significantly (p<0.01) increased the contributions of NWFPs to household income. Household size and occupation positively and significantly (p<0.01) increased the contributions of NWFPs to household income. NWFPs appeared in the market wares of the households for a total of 381 times (79.4%). The result of the proportion of household income from NWFPs shows that 54.43% indicated that species of NWFPs constituted over 50% of their household income.       Key words – Non Wood Forest Products, Household food security, Household income,                                          Commonly collected, Enugu stat

Gender Roles and Economic Differentials in Aquaculture of Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria

The existing power differences among men, women and youths in aquaculture pre-empted the study on gender roles and economic differentials in aquaculture of Kainji Lake Basin, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed sources of production resources, gender roles, cost and returns and existing gender gaps in aquaculture. Using a survey design, a two-stage sampling procedure was used to select 81 males and 39 females from a population of 229 fish farmers. Data were presented using descriptive statistics and analyzed with budgetary technique and gender gap ratios. Key result shows that the men and youths had direct access to land through inheritance and purchase while the women (61%) accessed land through a family relation. The men and male youths performed majority of the gender roles involved in preparation of ponds, fingerlings stocking, fish management and post-harvest activities while the women and female youths were actively involved in fish management, liming and grading. Economic indicators show that the men and youths have a higher return on investment than the women implying that such power differences still exist. Hence, it is recommended that women should be organized in groups for empowerment. This will enable them utilize their collective strength through division of labour in fish farming

Market Structure, Conduct, Channel and Margin of Dry Season Okra Vegetable in South-Eastern Nigeria

Abstract. The study was carried out with four purposes. The first objective included the socio-economic characteristics of dry season Okra marketers; the second described the marketing channel; the third analysed the structure and conduct of the market; and the fourth determined the marketing margin for dry season Okra marketers. Multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for the study. 111 Okra marketers were selected and structured questionnaires administered to them. Descriptive statistics, Gini coefficient model and Marketing margin analysis were used for analyzing the objectives. Most of the Okra marketers interviewed were females indicating that these were doing active dry season marketing of Okra vegetable in the study area. Eight (8) marketing channels were identified. From the Gini coefficient model, which determined the level of concentration in relation to the structure of the markets of wholesale and retail markets, there were no barriers to entry and exit in and out of the markets during the dry season period. There was a high percentage (93%) in the marketing margin of the marketers. Government&apos;s indispensable role in building and repairing worn out roads, as well as constructing new ones; which will in turn bring about reduction in the cost of transportation and minimization of vegetable losses in the marketing process should be encouraged