Validation Experiment with 4-Vortex Wake in Large Tow Tank

Stereo PIV measurements on a 2- and 4-vortex system have been performed in a large tow tank of SVA (Schiffbau-Versuchsanstalt Potsdam GmbH). The considered 4-vortex system consists of two counter-rotating vortex pairs with a span width ratio of b2/b1 = 0.3 and a circulation ratio of Γ2/Γ1 = -0.3. For comparisons also the corresponding 2-vortex system is measured. A submersible Stereo PIV system attached to a vertical traversing system was employed. Cross-sectional velocity fields are obtained of the descending wake vortex system to access the vortex dynamics well into the wake far field. The SVA provided the necessary measurement equipment consisting of a submersible Stereo PIV system, a vertical traversing system and a six component force balance. DLR provided the vortex generator (F13 model), a programmable sequencer unit enabling an adaption of the PIV recording system to the high dynamic range of the velocity fields and defined the test program of the measurement campaign

GENETIC DISSIMILARITY AMONG GENOTYPES OF SNAP BEANS BASED ON YIELD AND PRODUCTION COMPONENTS

INTRODUCTION: The snap bean belong to the same botanical Family and species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), however is classified as a vegetable because its immature pods with tenuous grains are the consumed part, thus is essential the obtaining of genotypes that ally high yields and great pod quality. An alternative, which has been used to direct new improvement programs, is the study of genetic dissimilarity (Freiria et al., 2016). The aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic dissimilarity of tem snap beans genotypes based on yield and production components, with the intent to identify the most promising crosses. MATARIAL & METHODS: The rehearsal was conducted at Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), located in latitude of 23º19’41.00” S, longitude of 51º12’18.19” W and altitude of 590 meters (Londrina, Parana state, Brazil). The design was completely randomized blocks with three repetitions, being each treatment composed by the tem genotypes of snap beans: Feltrin Vicenza Amarelo Baixo, UEL 1, UEL 2, T1, T3, T13, T24, T25, T39 and T41. Each parcel was composed by four lines (4m length) with a spacing of 0.50m between lines and were considered as borders the two external and 0.50m from the extremities of the central lines. The seedling was in March 18th 2016 and the harvest realized in June 10th of the same year (fall/winter cultivation). Were measured the characteristics: Yield of pods (kg ha-1), unitary pod´s fresh mass (g), number of pods per plant, pods diameter (mm) and length of pods (cm). For the dissimilarity analysis, the Mahalanobis generalized distance was estimated and was proceeded the cluster of UPGMA. The relative contribution of the characters was estimated based on Singh (1981). Also was made the main compounds analysis

CORRELATIONS AND PATH ANALYSIS UNDER MULTICOLINEARITY IN THE ASSOCIATION OF VEGETATIVE CHARACTERISTICS WITH THE YIELD OF SNAP BEANS

INTRODUCTION: The comprehension of the plant vegetative attributes in the yield is of a fundamental importance to the management, as well as to the genetic improvement. The main tool used in this study are the estimation of correlations, however, because they do not provide the relative importance of the direct and indirect influence of other characters in the yield, they do not determine the cause effect relation among them (Furtado et al., 2002). The best comprehension of the evolved causes in this association can be obtained by the path analysis. On the other hand, multicolinearity conditions could produce inconsistent values or with any congruence with the biological phenomenon studied (Moreira et al., 2013). With the intention to study strategies to contour this effect it was aimed to evaluate different methods to sidetrack the multicolinearity, as well as study the simple correlation among the studied characters. MATERIAL & METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the city of Londrina, Parana state, Brazil (23º19’41.00”S, 51º12’18.19”W and altitude 590m), in the period of March 18th until June 10th of 2016, in field conditions. Were evaluated three cultivars (Feltrin Vicenza Amarelo Baixo, UEL 1 e UEL 2) and seven accesses of snap beans from the germplasm bank of State University of Londrina (T1, T3, T13, T24, T25, T39 and T41). The evaluations were divided at the development stages R1 (plant´s height, total dry mass, foliar area, specific leaf area index and leaves dry mass) and R7 (plant´s height, total dry mass and yield of pods). Were estimated the Pearson correlations and path analysis, in which the yield of pods was considered the basic variable and the other characters were considered the explicative variables. In conditions of high multicollinearity (Cruz; Carneiro, 2003) were proceeded the disposal of variables of high interrelation, as well as the crest path analysis

INOCULATION AND LEAF FERTILIZATION OF MOLYBDENUM AND COBALT ON SNAP BEAN YIELD

INTRODUCTION: The snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a vegetable consumed around the world. The physiological and morphological quality of pods are important characteristics for determinate the commercial pattern, so techniques must to be used for increase the production of pods. Inoculation and application of nutrients on the leaves are management practices with great response and low cost. The aim of this work was to evaluate the seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici strains and the leaf application of molybdenum and cobalt on the yield of snap bean genotypes with determinate growth pattern. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment was conduct in a greenhouse and was used the genotype UEL 2. The experimental design was complete randomized with four replications, resulting in a 2 vs. 4 factorial (2- with or without inoculation; 4- doses of commercial product) . The seeds were inoculated with a mix of Rhizobium tropici strains (SEMIA 4077, SEMIA 4080 and SEMIA 4088) following the method of Furlan et al. (2016) and the doses used were 0, 50, 100 and 150% of the ML71 recommended dose (mix of molybdenum and cobalt). Were evaluated number of pods per plant, fresh mass of pods and potential yield of snap bean culture. The data was submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by the Tukey test (p\u3c0.05) and adjusted by polynomial regression equations

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN RELATION TO THE SIZE OF POD IN DIFFERENT SNAP BEAN GENOTYPES

INTRODUCTION: The snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume that is widely consumed on the world scenario due to its biochemical composition and nutritional quality (Furlan et al., 2016). Besides the nutritional compounds, the snap bean presents antioxidants properties, inhibiting or retarding the oxidative damage, which avoids the propagation of oxidative reactions and can prevent diseases caused by free radicals. (Silva et al., 2009). The aim of this study was to evaluated the interaction between the antioxidant activity and pod size of several snap bean genotypes cultivated in the sowing season spring/summer and autumn/winter. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The experiment was conducted in an organic system with protected cultivation in the municipality of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a factorial scheme (8 vs. 2), with four replications, being eigth snap bean genotypes with indeterminate growth pattern (Teresópolis Ag 481, HAV 69, HAV 41, Preferido Ag 482, Macarrão Brasília, Trepador Top Seed, HT 30 e Favorito Ag 480) and tow sowing season: spring/summer of 2014 and autumn/winter of 2015. Each experimental plot was composed by 10 plants spaced at 0.20 m in the line and 1.00 m between lines. Samples of pods were collected from each treatment, being measured: the average pod mass, length and diameter of pods - measured in 10 pods per plant; And antioxidant activity (RUFINO et al., 2007). The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test (p \u3c0.05) and compared by the principal component analysis (PCA), using software R (R, 2012)