The influence of menopause on urinary incontinence in the women of the community: a cross-sectional study from North India

Background: Urinary incontinence is defined as the complaint of any involuntary loss of urine that is a social or hygienic problem.  Worldwide, over 200 million people are living with urinary incontinence and as the life expectancy of women is increasing, more number of women are bound to suffer from it. The aim of the present study is to find out the effect of menopause on the occurrence of Urinary Incontinence in women and to find out risk factors in post-menopausal women associated with Urinary Incontinence.Methods: It was a community based cross-sectional study involving post-menopausal women living in the urban and rural areas registered under Community Medicine, J.N. Medical College, Aligarh, India. A total of 530 women were taken for this study. Descriptive statistics as well as simple proportion were calculated with SPSS 20.0. Tests of significance and Binary Logistic regression analysis were used for analysis.Results: Significant differences were found in the association of Urinary Incontinence with increasing age groups and consequent years spent in menopause, rural area of residence, illiteracy, lower socio-economic class, inadequate housing standards, obesity, smoking, parity, history of hysterectomy, and co-morbidities such as Urinary Tract Infection and Pelvic organ prolapse.Conclusions: From a public health perspective, there is considerable opportunity to improve women's quality of life by increasing health education about urinary incontinence and its treatment by taking steps for life style modifications

Awareness of geriatric welfare services among rural elderly population

Background: Elderly population suffers from income loss, decreased social role and increased dependence along with physical and mental problems associated with ageing. Geriatric welfare services are aimed to address this problem related to old age. The main focus of the existing geriatric welfare services are below the poverty line elderly population. However, the benefit from these services can be obtained if elderly population have awareness about these welfare services. Main objective of the study was to study the awareness regarding geriatric welfare services among rural elderly population and its association with gender.Methods: Community based cross- sectional study was carried out at field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India by using systematic random sampling with probability proportionate to size among 225 rural elderly individuals using pretested and predesigned questionnaire. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20. Chi square test was used. P value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: Among the geriatric welfare services 28.9% were aware of the social security schemes, 84% were aware of the special govt. facilities, 35.6% were aware of the health insurance schemes. Males had significant higher awareness of geriatric welfare services than the females.Conclusions: The study revealed that awareness of geriatric welfare services among rural elderly population was very low that needs to be addressed to improve utilization of these services.

Effect of T-tail on the Aerodynamic Characteristics and Static Stability of an Aircraft – A Computational Analysis

It is the purpose of this paper to find out the effect of T-tail on Aerodynamic characteristics and static stability of an aircraft. A T-tail aircraft with a configuration of tail with the horizontal stabilizer placed above the vertical stabilizer. Typically, a tail configuration in T shape. T- tail configuration is proposed with a goal of enhancing stability and controllability during high angle of attack and low speeds. Data is presented from a series of XFLR5 analysis to qualify the aerodynamic effect of T-tail over a range of angle of attack from -150 to +150. Various graphs were obtained during this analysis which indicates that the T-tail configuration can perform better at low speeds

Nutritional status among pregnant women of Aligarh district and its association with birth weight

Background: Low birth weight is a prospective marker of future growth and development and a retrospective marker of mothers nutritional and health status.Methods: A community based prospective study conducted in field practice areas of Urban and Rural Health Training Center Department of Community Medicine, JNMCH, AMU, Aligarh. Participants were registered pregnant women who were in their first trimester and whose expected date of delivery lies within our study period. Study period was of one year. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Percentages and chi square test used.Results: Prevalence of LBW was found to be 40%. Occurrence of LBW babies decreased as the nutritional intake of mothers in the form of kilocalories consumed per day increased. The association between dietary calorie intake and birth weight was found to be statistically highly significant.Conclusions: Nutritional status of mother has to be improved not only during pregnancy, but also in her early childhood by undertaking food supplementation programs implemented through National Health Programs that improve the weight gain during delivery and result in improved fetal outcome

Physical Activity Levels And Junk Food Intake Among School Going Adolescents In A North Indian City

Introduction: Physical activity and diet go hand in hand for the maintenance of good health. This becomes even more important in school-going adolescent students as they are readily exposed to a wide variety of junk food items inside or around their school premises and lead increasingly sedentary lifestyles as they progress through their academics. Aim and Objective: Toassess the junk food intake and physical activity level among school-going adolescents. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 800 school-based adolescents aged 12 to 14 years at AMU High Schools, Aligarh. Students were asked about their physical activity and dietary habits by disseminating a self-reported questionnaire. The data were analyzed in SPSS version 20.0. Results: The majority of the adolescents had a moderate level of physical activity (53%), while 23% of the students had high and 24% had low physical activity levels. On the analysis of the students’ dietary habits, it was found that a staggering 70.75% of students had more than the recommended intake of junk food items. The association between physical activity and junk food intake was found to be significant. Conclusion: More emphasis should be given to limiting junk food intake, increasing healthy food intake, and motivating the students to be more physically active. This can be done by encouraging the family as well as teachers at the school level and creating more spaces for children to be physically active at the community level

Measurement of the Multi-Neutron νˉμ\bar{\nu}_{\mu} Charged Current Differential Cross Section at Low Available Energy on Hydrocarbon

Neutron production in antineutrino interactions can lead to bias in energy reconstruction in neutrino oscillation experiments, but these interactions have rarely been studied. MINERvA previously studied neutron production at an average antineutrino energy of ~3 GeV in 2016 and found deficiencies in leading models. In this paper, the MINERvA 6 GeV average antineutrino energy data set is shown to have similar disagreements. A measurement of the cross section for an antineutrino to produce two or more neutrons and have low visible energy is presented as an experiment-independent way to explore neutron production modeling. This cross section disagrees with several leading models' predictions. Neutron modeling techniques from nuclear physics are used to quantify neutron detection uncertainties on this result.Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures; Added ancillary files with cross section values as .csv Matches preprint accepted by publishe

Simultaneous measurement of muon neutrino quasielastic-like cross sections on CH, C, water, Fe, and Pb as a function of muon kinematics at MINERvA

This paper presents the first simultaneous measurement of the quasielastic-like neutrino-nucleus cross sections on C, water, Fe, Pb and scintillator (hydrocarbon or CH) as a function of longitudinal and transverse muon momentum. The ratio of cross sections per nucleon between Pb and CH is always above unity and has a characteristic shape as a function of transverse muon momentum that evolves slowly as a function of longitudinal muon momentum. The ratio is constant versus longitudinal momentum within uncertainties above a longitudinal momentum of 4.5GeV/c. The cross section ratios to CH for C, water, and Fe remain roughly constant with increasing longitudinal momentum, and the ratios between water or C to CH do not have any significant deviation from unity. Both the overall cross section level and the shape for Pb and Fe as a function of transverse muon momentum are not reproduced by current neutrino event generators. These measurements provide a direct test of nuclear effects in quasielastic-like interactions, which are major contributors to long-baseline neutrino oscillation data samples.Comment: 9 pages, 8 flgures, including supplemental materia

Neutrino-induced coherent π+\pi^{+} production in C, CH, Fe and Pb at ⟨Eν⟩∼6\langle E_{\nu}\rangle \sim 6 GeV

MINERvA has measured the $\nu_{\mu}$-induced coherent $\pi^{+}$ cross section simultaneously in hydrocarbon (CH), graphite (C), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) targets using neutrinos from 2 to 20 GeV. The measurements exceed the predictions of the Rein-Sehgal and Berger-Sehgal PCAC based models at multi-GeV $\nu_{\mu}$ energies and at produced $\pi^{+}$ energies and angles, $E_{\pi}>1$ GeV and $\theta_{\pi}<10^{\circ}$. Measurements of the cross-section ratios of Fe and Pb relative to CH reveal the effective $A$-scaling to increase from an approximate $A^{1/3}$ scaling at few GeV to an $A^{2/3}$ scaling for $E_{\nu}>10$ GeV