6 research outputs found
Construction of Three-Dimensional Hemin-Functionalized Graphene Hydrogel with High Mechanical Stability and Adsorption Capacity for Enhancing Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
A three-dimensional
hemin-functionalized graphene hydrogel (Hem/GH) was prepared by a
facile self-assembly approach. The as-prepared Hem/GH showed good
mechanical strength with a storage modulus of 609–642 kPa and
a high adsorption capacity to organic dye contaminants (341 mg g<sup>–1</sup> for rhodamine B). Moreover, Hem/GH could be used
as a photosensitizer for the photocatalytic degradation of organic
dyes and displayed superior photodegradation activity of methylene
blue (MB). This result was better than that of counterparts such as
graphene hydrogel (GH) and commercial catalyst P25. The excellent
cycling performance of the Hem/GH was well maintained even after multiple
cycles on adsorption process and photocatalytic reaction. Interestingly,
after the photodegradation of MB, a light-induced pH change of the
solution from alkaline pH 8.99 to acidic pH 3.82 was observed, and
10 wt % total organic carbon remained. The liquid chromatography/time-of-flight
mass spectrometry (LC/TOF-MS) analysis confirmed the generation of
acidic degradation products. The photocatalytic mechanism was further
investigated by trapping experiments, which revealed that the MB degradation
was driven mainly by the participation of O<sub>2</sub><sup>•–</sup> radicals in the photocatalytic reaction. As an extended application,
visually intuitive observation showed the as-prepared Hem/GH also
had strong antibacterial properties. These results suggest that Hem/GH
could be potentially used for practical application due to its high
adsorption ability, excellent photocatalytic activity, and strong
antibacterial properties
Application of Spectral Crosstalk Correction for Improving Multiplexed MicroRNA Detection Using a Single Excitation Wavelength
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles
in the regulation of cellular
activities and are next-generation biomarkers for early cancer detection.
Simultaneous monitoring of multiplexed miRNA is very important for
enhancing the accuracy of cancer diagnostics. Traditional fluorescence
methods for multicomponent analysis were usually operated under multiple
excitation wavelengths, because spectral crosstalk is very detrimental
to detecting accuracy for multicomponent analysis. Herein, we present
a fluorescence strategy for multi-miRNAs detection in plasma under
a single excitation wavelength. Nucleic acid stain TOTO-1 and three
labeled fluorescence dyes Cy3, Cy3.5, and Cy5 emit no fluorescence
in their free state. Target miRNA hybridized the auxiliary and probe
oligonucleotides into duplex nucleic acid. Intercalation interaction
localized TOTO-1 and labeled dyes into the duplex nucleic acid. As
a result, TOTO-1 emitted strong fluorescence and efficient Förster
resonance energy transfer (FRET) happened. MicroRNAs miRNA-155, miRNA-182,
and miRNA-197, which are significant for the early diagnosis of lung
cancer, were simultaneously detected as models. Deviations from spectral
crosstalk in the presence of other miRNAs were corrected by mathematical
methods. Results demonstrated that, after spectra crosstalk corrections,
every miRNA at high or low concentration in plasma was determined
accurately in the presence of either high or low concentrations of
the other two miRNAs. This new multiplexed assay for miRNAs is promising
for clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring of early-stage
lung cancer
Visual, Label-Free Telomerase Activity Monitor via Enzymatic Etching of Gold Nanorods
Early diagnosis and
life-long surveillance are clinically important
to improve the long-term survival of cancer patients. Telomerase activity
is a valuable biomarker for cancer diagnosis, but its measurement
often used complex label procedures. Herein, we designed a novel,
simple, visual and label-free method for telomerase detection by using
enzymatic etching of gold nanorods (GNRs). First, repeating (TTAGGG)<sub><i>x</i></sub> sequences were extented on telomerase substrate
(TS) primer. It formed G-quadruplex under the help of Hemin and K<sup>+</sup>. Second, the obtained horseradish peroxidase mimicking hemin/G-quadruplex
catalyzed the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated etching of GNRs
to the short GNRs, even to gold nanoparticles (GNPs), generating a
series of distinct color changes due to their plasmon-related optical
response. Thus, this enzymatic reaction can be easily coupled to telomerase
activity, allowing for the detection of telomerase activity based
on vivid colors. This can be differentiated sensitively by naked eyes
because human eyes are more sensitive to color variations rather than
the optical density variations. As a result, telomerase activity can
be quantitatively detected ranging from 200 to 15000 HeLa cells mL<sup>–1</sup>. The detection limit was 90 HeLa cells mL<sup>–1</sup> (<i>S</i>/<i>N</i> = 3). Importantly, the application
of this method in bladder cancer samples was in agreement with the
clinical results. Thus, this method was considerably suitable for
point-of-care diagnostics in resource-constrained regions because
of the easy readout of results without the use of sophisticated apparatus
Reversible Assembly of Graphitic Carbon Nitride 3D Network for Highly Selective Dyes Absorption and Regeneration
Responsive
assembly of 2D materials is of great interest for a
range of applications. In this work, interfacial functionalized carbon
nitride (CN) nanofibers were synthesized by hydrolyzing bulk CN in
sodium hydroxide solution. The reversible assemble and disassemble
behavior of the as-prepared CN nanofibers was investigated by using
CO<sub>2</sub> as a trigger to form a hydrogel network at first. Compared
to the most widespread absorbent materials such as active carbon,
graphene and previously reported supramolecular gel, the proposed
CN hydrogel not only exhibited a competitive absorbing capacity (maximum
absorbing capacity of methylene blue up to 402 mg/g) but also overcame
the typical deficiencies such as poor selectivity and high energy-consuming
regeneration. This work would provide a strategy to construct a 3D
CN network and open an avenue for developing smart assembly for potential
applications ranging from environment to selective extraction
Three-Dimensional Macroporous Polypyrrole-Derived Graphene Electrode Prepared by the Hydrogen Bubble Dynamic Template for Supercapacitors and Metal-Free Catalysts
We
report a general method for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D)
macroporous graphene/conducting polymer modified electrode and nitrogen-doped
graphene modified electrode. This method involves three consecutive
steps. First, the 3D macroporous graphene (3D MG) electrode was fabricated
electrochemically by reducing graphene oxide dispersion on different
conducting substrates and used hydrogen bubbles as the dynamic template.
The morphology and pore size of 3D MG could be governed by the use
of surfactants and the dynamics of bubble generation and departure.
Second, 3D macroporous graphene/polypyrrole (MGPPy) composites were
constructed via directly electropolymerizing pyrrole monomer onto
the networks of 3D MG. Due to the benefit of the good conductivity
of 3D MG and pseudocapacitance of PPy, the composites manifest outstanding
area specific capacitance of 196 mF cm<sup>–2</sup> at a current
density of 1 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>. The symmetric supercapacitor
device
assembled by the composite materials had a good capacity property.
Finally, the nitrogen-doped MGPPy (N-MGPPy or MGPPy-X) with 3D macroporous
nanostructure and well-regulated nitrogen doping was prepared via
thermal treatment of the composites. The resultant N-MGPPy electrode
was explored as a good electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
(ORR) with the current density value of 5.56 mA cm<sup>–2</sup> (−0.132 V vs Ag/AgCl). Moreover, the fuel tolerance and durability
under the electrochemical environment of the N-MGPPy catalyst were
found to be superior to the Pt/C catalyst
Boosting Gas Involved Reactions at Nanochannel Reactor with Joint Gas–Solid–Liquid Interfaces and Controlled Wettability
The
low solubility of gases in aqueous solution is the major kinetic
limitation of reactions that involve gases. To address this challenge,
we report a nanochannel reactor with joint gas–solid–liquid
interfaces and controlled wettability. As a proof of concept, a porous
anodic alumina (PAA) nanochannel membrane with different wettability
is used for glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization, which contacts with
glucose aqueous solution on one side, while the other side gets in
touch with the gas phase directly. Interestingly, it is observed that
the O<sub>2</sub> could participate in the enzymatic reaction directly
from gas phase through the proposed nanochannels, and a hydrophobic
interface is more favorable for the enzymatic reaction due to the
rearrangement of GOx structure as well as the high gas adhesion. As
a result, the catalytic efficiency of GOx in the proposed interface
is increased up to 80-fold compared with that of the free state in
traditional aqueous air-saturated electrolyte. This triphase interface
with controlled wettability can be generally applied to immobilize
enzymes or catalysts with gas substrates for high efficiency