In-class physical activity, cognitive load, and energy-balance knowledge in high school physical education

One primary goal of physical education is to educate K-12 students to become physically literate individuals who value lifelong physical activity participation (SHAPE America, 2014). Physical literacy is based on the monism perspective which acknowledges physical activity participation as a mind-body integrated embodiment experience. To achieve physical literacy, the scientific knowledge about physical activity has been brought to the center of physical education to provide mindful, meaningful, and motivational learning experiences (Ennis, 2017). It has become necessary to delineate the relationship between cognitive and physical engagement as experienced by the learner as part of the monist embodiment process. Cognitive load theory (CLT) explains cognitive effort’s impact on learning behavior which can serve as a conceptual guide to inform us in making curricular and instructional decisions. Guided by CLT and built on my previous research (Deng et al., 2020), the purpose of this study is to clarify the role of cognitive load embedded in physical education learning experiences. Specifically, this study determines the impact of cognitive load on 9th grade high school students’ knowledge acquisition and in-class physical activity in a concept-based physical education curriculum. The dissertation study addresses four research questions: (a) Did the cognitive load impact 9th graders’ cognitive architecture about caloric-balance and healthful living concepts? (b) Did school SES-related class environmental factors influence 9th graders’ knowledge gain in a concept-based physical education context? (c) Did the cognitive load affect 9th graders’ in-class physical activity? And (d) did the cognitive-physical integrated learning experiences moderate by the students’ gender and race? The approach to addressing the questions was a secondary data analysis on a representative set of existing data collected in the Science of Essential Balance (SEB) project. Data from a stratified random sample of students (N = 150) who learned the entire SEB curriculum and completed all assessments were analyzed. A path analysis was used to address the first, second, and third research questions, while Hayes’ PROCESS v3.5.3 macro analysis was conducted to address the third and fourth research questions. Results showed that the reasoning tasks had direct positive effects on students’ knowledge gain (path coefficient i-Diet and i-Exercise =.34, p .05). The Free and Reduced-Price Meal rates and student/teacher ratio did not have significant effects on students’ knowledge gain (p &gt; .05). In addition, gender and race did not significantly moderate the association between cognitive learning tasks and in-class physical activity (p &gt; .05). These results indicate the low cognitive load tasks, such as descriptive learning tasks, serve as necessary building blocks for completing high cognitive load tasks. The high cognitive load tasks, such as reasoning learning tasks, effectively contribute to students’ knowledge acquisition and in-class physical activity. Based on the monism perspective, the concept-based physical education curriculum was able to elicit high level cognitive and physical engagement to help students understand and perform physical activity holistically as an embodiment process. The cognitive learning tasks seem to be effective in balancing and integrating cognitive and physical demands in learning, which could assist physical literacy development. The findings further suggest the power of the concept-based physical education curriculum in overcoming potential barriers of low socioeconomic status and large class- sizes to provide productive learning opportunities to all students. [This abstract may have been edited to remove characters that will not display in this system. Please see the PDF for the full abstract.]]]> 2021 Physical education and training $x Study and teaching (Secondary) Movement education$x Study and teaching (Secondary) Cognitive learning English http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Deng_uncg_0154D_13379.pdf oai:libres.uncg.edu/37040 2022-01-28T13:55:50Z UNCG Multisystem NC DOCKS at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro Snyder, Audrey <![CDATA[A 25-year-old male arrives to the ED with a complaint of right lower extremity deformity with swelling, pain, discoloration, and numbness, stating he fell 15 feet from a balcony and landed directly on his leg. Initial evaluation of his lower extremity reveals absent pulses, loss of color and sensation, and 4+ pitting edema. An initial radiograph of the extremity shows a compound fracture of the tibia and fibular distal heads with diffuse edema and soft tissue trauma. Compartment pressures below the fracture read to 40 mmHg. Based on these findings, what is the most appropriate first intervention

The Prevalence and Clinical Relevance of the DFS Immunofluorescence Staining Pattern in a Large ANA-Positive Cohort

BackgroundAlthough the dense fine speckled (DFS) immunofluorescence staining pattern has been studied by various researchers in recent years, its clinical associations remain unspecified. Thus, we performed a retrospective study in a non-selective population to explore the prevalence of this enigmatic antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern and to determine its possible clinical associations with any identifiable pathology.MethodsWe retrieved the results of ANA testing ordered by various departments in 2019 to study the prevalence of DFS pattern. Demographic characteristics and clinical features of these participants were also collected from the electronic medical record system. Correlation analysis was made to study its clinical associations and a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of ANA positivity was 37.4% among 72,204 serum samples of which the median age was 44 (interquartile range: 31, 56) years old and 68.0% were women. The prevalence of the DFS staining pattern was 1.1% in the total population and accounted for 3.1% in the ANA-positive population. There were 97.6% of these cases displaying the DFS pattern with a low titer of ANA (≤1:320; starting serum dilution: 1:100). We found that this pattern correlated with several pathological conditions, such as skin disorders (25.1%), alopecia (4.6%), and obstetric complications (6.6%).ConclusionThe presence of the DFS immunofluorescence staining pattern may accompany several pathological conditions and may be a signal of localized inflammation within certain organs or tissues, especially the skin

A New Hip Fracture Risk Index Derived from FEA-Computed Proximal Femur Fracture Loads and Energies-to-Failure

Hip fracture risk assessment is an important but challenging task. Quantitative CT-based patient specific finite element analysis (FEA) computes the force (fracture load) to break the proximal femur in a particular loading condition. It provides different structural information about the proximal femur that can influence a subject overall fracture risk. To obtain a more robust measure of fracture risk, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to develop a global FEA computed fracture risk index that incorporates the FEA-computed yield and ultimate failure loads and energies to failure in four loading conditions (single-limb stance and impact from a fall onto the posterior, posterolateral, and lateral aspects of the greater trochanter) of 110 hip fracture subjects and 235 age and sex matched control subjects from the AGES-Reykjavik study. We found that the first PC (PC1) of the FE parameters was the only significant predictor of hip fracture. Using a logistic regression model, we determined if prediction performance for hip fracture using PC1 differed from that using FE parameters combined by stratified random resampling with respect to hip fracture status. The results showed that the average of the area under the receive operating characteristic curve (AUC) using PC1 was always higher than that using all FE parameters combined in the male subjects. The AUC of PC1 and AUC of the FE parameters combined were not significantly different than that in the female subjects or in all subjectsComment: 27 pages, 4 figure

TerrainNet: Visual Modeling of Complex Terrain for High-speed, Off-road Navigation

Effective use of camera-based vision systems is essential for robust performance in autonomous off-road driving, particularly in the high-speed regime. Despite success in structured, on-road settings, current end-to-end approaches for scene prediction have yet to be successfully adapted for complex outdoor terrain. To this end, we present TerrainNet, a vision-based terrain perception system for semantic and geometric terrain prediction for aggressive, off-road navigation. The approach relies on several key insights and practical considerations for achieving reliable terrain modeling. The network includes a multi-headed output representation to capture fine- and coarse-grained terrain features necessary for estimating traversability. Accurate depth estimation is achieved using self-supervised depth completion with multi-view RGB and stereo inputs. Requirements for real-time performance and fast inference speeds are met using efficient, learned image feature projections. Furthermore, the model is trained on a large-scale, real-world off-road dataset collected across a variety of diverse outdoor environments. We show how TerrainNet can also be used for costmap prediction and provide a detailed framework for integration into a planning module. We demonstrate the performance of TerrainNet through extensive comparison to current state-of-the-art baselines for camera-only scene prediction. Finally, we showcase the effectiveness of integrating TerrainNet within a complete autonomous-driving stack by conducting a real-world vehicle test in a challenging off-road scenario

Bibliometric analysis of global research trends between gut microbiota and breast cancer: from 2013 to 2023

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer globally and is associated with significant mortality. Recent research has provided crucial insights into the role of gut microbiota in the onset and progression of breast cancer, confirming its impact on the disease’s management. Despite numerous studies exploring this relationship, there is a lack of comprehensive bibliometric analyses to outline the field’s current state and emerging trends. This study aims to fill that gap by analyzing key research directions and identifying emerging hotspots.MethodPublications from 2013 to 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The VOSviewer, R language and SCImago Graphica software were utilized to analyze and visualize the volume of publications, countries/regions, institutions, authors, and keywords in this field.ResultsA total of 515 publications were included in this study. The journal Cancers was identified as the most prolific, contributing 21 papers. The United States and China were the leading contributors to this field. The University of Alabama at Birmingham was the most productive institution. Peter Bai published the most papers, while James J. Goedert was the most cited author. Analysis of highly cited literature and keyword clustering confirmed a close relationship between gut microbiota and breast cancer. Keywords such as “metabolomics” and “probiotics” have been prominently highlighted in the keyword analysis, indicating future research hotspots in exploring the interaction between metabolites in the breast cancer microenvironment and gut microbiota. Additionally, these keywords suggest significant interest in the therapeutic potential of probiotics for breast cancer treatment.ConclusionResearch on the relationship between gut microbiota and breast cancer is expanding. Attention should be focused on understanding the mechanisms of their interaction, particularly the metabolite-microbiota-breast cancer crosstalk. These insights have the potential to advance prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for breast cancer. This bibliometric study provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state and future trends of research in this field, offering valuable perspectives for future studies on gut microbiota and breast cancer

Updating the therapeutic role of ginsenosides in breast cancer: a bibliometrics study to an in-depth review

Breast cancer is currently the most common malignancy and has a high mortality rate. Ginsenosides, the primary bioactive constituents of ginseng, have been shown to be highly effective against breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. This study aims to comprehensively understand the mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of ginsenosides on breast cancer. Through meticulous bibliometric analysis and an exhaustive review of pertinent research, we explore and summarize the mechanism of action of ginsenosides in treating breast cancer, including inducing apoptosis, autophagy, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, and regulating miRNA and lncRNA. This scholarly endeavor not only provides novel prospects for the application of ginsenosides in the treatment of breast cancer but also suggests future research directions for researchers