Liquid Smoke Fractionation from Dry Distillation of Styrofoam Board Waste to Produces Liquid Fuel

Styrofoam waste is difficult to be decomposed by bacteria or microorganisms. Therefore it takes a long time to be decomposed naturally. Styrofoam waste, in general, is a big problem for the survival of living things on earth because there are quite a lot of them. So, if not handled properly can cause environmental pollution. Styrofoam waste is inorganic waste composed of polymers derived from chemicals. Additives from styrofoam are harmful to humans because they are carcinogenic. This study aims to utilize Styrofoam board waste into liquid fuel. Liquid fuel from styrofoam waste has been made successfully through dry distillation and fractionation methods. The result of fractional distillation is 42.00% liquid fuel. Based on the physical properties tests that have already been carried out, including the density test, viscosity,  flash point, boiling point, calorific value, and octane number, it turns out that the liquid has characteristics close to the standard gasoline fuel. The MS spectra and the GC chromatogram show that the liquid fuel consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, namely acetone 0.23%, acetic acid 0.40%, benzene 2.82%, toluene 3.56%, heptane 1.04%, 1-octene 0.26%, butyl ester 4.92%, 2,4-dimethyl-1-heptane 0.32%, p-xylene 13%, the compound with the highest composition was styrene 73.45%

Strategi Peningkatan Kualitas Produk Sayuran Segar Organik pada CV. Golden Leaf Farm Bali

As one of the popular tourist attraction, the number of visitor in Bali has been increased every years, and the number of foreign tourist stayed in Bali has been increased either. This condition has given the positive impact to the restaurant, and other facilities which is support the tourism services. Tourism industry needs vegetables with the healthy quality, fresh, clean, and with the continuously safety guarantee on it. This situation has grown the chance to conserve the vegetables with the organic system. The main objective of this research are, (1) understanding the consumers wishes upon the quality of the fresh organic vegetables. (2) understanding the consumers satisfaction on the fresh vegetable organic; and (3) to formulate the strategy in improving the quality products of organic fresh vegetable. This research has been conducted in CV Golden Leaf Farm. CV GLF is a agroindustry organic vegetables company located at Asah Gobleg main street,Wanagiri village, Sukasada Distric, Buleleng Regency. And the method has been used in this research is the quality function deployment (QFD). QFD has the function to define all the consumer wishes on vegetables related to existances of parameter methodology in the company. In order to understanding the way to fulfill the highest consumers wishes. The result of this research shows the specification of the consumer wishes upon the organic vegetables products quality on CV. GLF are the cleanness, the freshness, and the food safety. The length period, color, size, and the standardization form of the products on CV . GLF has generated the number of consumer with the satisfaction categories such satisfy and fully satisfy. The satisfaction category has been reached by the attributed of freshness, size, color, the length period, food safety, and the shape standardization. While the cleanness attributes has included into the satisfaction categories. The strategy to improve the fresh organic quality of vegetable in CV,GLF are, a) To fulfill the consumer satisfaction, the attribute priority which necessary being revised or being evaluated are the attribute in the length period of the fruit, size, the shape standardization, color, the food safety, and the freshness, and b) to improve the consumer satisfaction upon the quality of vegetables quality so the technique of parameter quality should be revised is the way of permanent saving quality, the cleansing, packaging, and sortation

Pyrolysis Reaction Kinetics of Styrofoam Plastic Waste

Pyrolysis at the temperature range of 170 °C-237 °C against polystyrene (Styrofoam) type plastic waste is carried out without a catalyst and added a catalyst. The purpose of this research was to study the reaction kinetics of Styrofoam pyrolysis to liquid smoke products. Pyrolysis using a series of tools made of glass to observe the processes that occur in the reactor. The results showed that Styrofoam pyrolysis for liquid smoke products without catalyst and added catalyst took place in the first-order reaction. The kinetics of the pyrolysis reaction without a catalyst to observe the formation of liquid smoke products obtained by the equation of the reaction constant following the Arrhenius equation k = Ae2111.4 / T, with an activation energy value (Ea) of 17.554 x 103 kJ/mol and pyrolysis using a catalyst obtained k = Ae10330/T, with an activation energy value (Ea) of 85.883x103 kJ/mol. Using catalysts during pyrolysis will reduce the temperature so that the reaction will be slow