All three quinone species play distinct roles in ensuring optimal growth under aerobic and fermentative conditions in <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> K12 - Fig 3

<p><b>Aerobic (A) and anaerobic (B) gene expression analysis</b>. Genes encoding the terminal oxidases cytochrome bd II (<i>appC</i>), cytochrome bd (<i>cydA</i>) and cytochrome bo₃ (<i>cyoA</i>) and dehydrogenases NADH: quinone oxidoreductase II (<i>ndh</i>), NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (<i>nuoN</i>) and succinate dehydrogenase (<i>sdhD)</i> were analysed. The transcription pattern was normalized to the reference genes <i>recA</i> and <i>rpoD</i> and to the expression of the wild type strain MG1655 under aerobic (A) and anaerobic (B) conditions respectively. Due to the normalization, constant or unchanged relative gene expression levels are calculated as 1. The Y-axis was formatted in logarithmic scale with base 2, to equally visualize up and downregulation of genes.</p

Primer sequences.

<p>Primer sequences.</p

All three quinone species play distinct roles in ensuring optimal growth under aerobic and fermentative conditions in <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> K12 - Fig 2

<p><b>Quinone content of the wild type MG1655 and the mutants during exponential growth under aerobic (A) and anaerobic (B) batch conditions.</b> The values represent the average values from at least three independent experiments.</p

Reactive oxygen species in quinone mutants.

<p>Shown are mean fluorescence values of MG1655 and the three mutant strains after aerobic incubation with CellROX Green. Samples of aerobically growing cultures of the strains were taken from exponential growth phase and incubated with CellROX Green. The values represent average values from at least three independent growth curves.</p

Relative ArcA phosphorylation and quinone distribution under aerobic (+O₂) and anaerobic (-O₂) conditions.

<p>Relative ArcA phosphorylation and quinone distribution under aerobic (+O₂) and anaerobic (-O₂) conditions.</p

Anaerobic growth rates and by-product yields of all quinone mutants compared to MG1655.

<p>Anaerobic growth rates and by-product yields of all quinone mutants compared to MG1655.</p