Sampling T_b data of animals undergoing SDT, FIT-SD, FIT-LD and remaining NT-SD.

<p>SDT and FIT-SD were sampled according to torpor state and ZT, FIT-LD was sampled according to torpor state and NT-SD was sampled according to ZT.</p

Relative mRNA expression of <i>Dio2</i>.

<p>Bar graphs (with n = 5 for each bar) show fold changes of mRNA expression for hamsters undergoing SDT (mid grey bars, ±SEM), FIT-SD (dark grey bars, ±SEM) and FIT-LD (light grey bars, ±SEM) relative to NT-SD (black bars, ±SEM) for torpor entrance (ZT1), mid torpor (ZT4), arousal (ZT7) and post torpor (ZT16) respectively. Significant differences within each torpor state are marked with * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01 and *** = p<0.001. Line graphs show differences in mRNA expression (±SEM) at four different time points (with n = 5 for each time point) over the course of a day relative to ZT1 for hamsters remaining active (NT-SD), undergoing SDT or FIT-SD. Significant differences are marked with different upper cases (p<0.05).</p

Relative mRNA expression of <i>Per1</i>.

<p>Bar graphs (with n = 5 for each bar) show fold changes of mRNA expression for hamsters undergoing SDT (mid grey bars, ±SEM), FIT-SD (dark grey bars, ±SEM) and FIT-LD (light grey bars, ±SEM) relative to NT-SD (black bars, ±SEM) for torpor entrance (ZT1), mid torpor (ZT4), arousal (ZT7) and post torpor (ZT16) respectively. Significant differences within each torpor state are marked with * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01 and *** = p<0.001. Line graphs show differences in mRNA expression (±SEM) at four different time points (with n = 5 for each time point) over the course of a day relative to ZT1 for hamsters remaining active (NT-SD), undergoing SDT or FIT-SD. Significant differences are marked with different upper cases (p<0.05).</p

Relative mRNA expression of <i>Mct8</i>.

<p>Bar graphs (with n = 5 for each bar) show fold changes of mRNA expression for hamsters undergoing SDT (mid grey bars, ±SEM), FIT-SD (dark grey bars, ±SEM) and FIT-LD (light grey bars, ±SEM) relative to NT-SD (black bars, ±SEM) for torpor entrance (ZT1), mid torpor (ZT4), arousal (ZT7) and post torpor (ZT16) respectively. Significant differences within each torpor state are marked with * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01 and *** = p<0.001. Line graphs show differences in mRNA expression (±SEM) at four different time points (with n = 5 for each time point) over the course of a day relative to ZT1 for hamsters remaining active (NT-SD), undergoing SDT or FIT-SD. Significant differences are marked with different upper cases (p<0.05).</p

Hypothalamic control systems show differential gene expression during spontaneous daily torpor and fasting-induced torpor in the Djungarian hamster (<i>Phodopus sungorus</i>) - Fig 1

<p><b>Sampling points for hamsters undergoing SDT (A), FIT-SD (B) and FIT-LD (C) and of hamsters remaining NT-SD (D).</b> Black bars in the x-axis represent the dark phase of the light-dark cycle.</p

Relative mRNA expression of <i>Npy</i>.

<p>Bar graphs (with n = 5 for each bar) show fold changes of mRNA expression for hamsters undergoing SDT (mid grey bars, ±SEM), FIT-SD (dark grey bars, ±SEM) and FIT-LD (light grey bars, ±SEM) relative to NT-SD (black bars, ±SEM) for torpor entrance (ZT1), mid torpor (ZT4), arousal (ZT7) and post torpor (ZT16) respectively. Significant differences within each torpor state are marked with * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01 and *** = p<0.001. Line graphs show differences in mRNA expression (±SEM) at four different time points (with n = 5 for each time point) over the course of a day relative to ZT1 for hamsters remaining active (NT-SD), undergoing SDT or FIT-SD. Significant differences are marked with different upper cases (p<0.05).</p

<i>P</i>. <i>sungorus</i> specific primer sequences used for standard plasmid generation and qPCR.

<p><i>P</i>. <i>sungorus</i> specific primer sequences used for standard plasmid generation and qPCR.</p

Relative mRNA expression of <i>Bmal1</i>.

<p>Bar graphs (with n = 5 for each bar) show fold changes of mRNA expression for hamsters undergoing SDT (mid grey bars, ±SEM), FIT-SD (dark grey bars, ±SEM) and FIT-LD (light grey bars, ±SEM) relative to NT-SD (black bars, ±SEM) for torpor entrance (ZT1), mid torpor (ZT4), arousal (ZT7) and post torpor (ZT16) respectively. Significant differences within each torpor state are marked with * = p<0.05, ** = p<0.01 and *** = p<0.001. Line graphs show differences in mRNA expression (±SEM) at four different time points (with n = 5 for each time point) over the course of a day relative to ZT1 for hamsters remaining active (NT-SD), undergoing SDT or FIT-SD. Significant differences are marked with different upper cases (p<0.05).</p

Switchback and second refractory experiment body weight profiles.

<p>Body weights of Siberian hamsters that were kept in long days (LD) or short days (SD) for 14 weeks, 39 weeks. After 16 week a group of hamsters was switched from SD to LD (SWB22 blue dashed line) and culled alongside a control group () after 22 weeks. Data are expressed as mean±SEM.</p

First refractory experiment body weight profiles.

<p>Body weights of Siberian hamsters that were kept in long days (LD) or short days (SD) for 18 weeks (LD18 black line, SD18 black dashed line), 25 weeks (LD25 blue line, SD25 blue dashed line), or 37 weeks (LD37 red line, SD37 red dashed line). Data are expressed as mean±SEM.</p