Changes in Practice Patterns of Clopidogrel in Combination with Proton Pump Inhibitors after an FDA Safety Communication

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>In 2009, the FDA issued a warning that omeprazole–a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)–reduces the antithrombotic effect of clopidogrel by almost half when taken concomitantly. This study aims to analyze the impact of the FDA Safety Communications on prescribing clopidogrel together with PPIs.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This retrospective study identified clopidogrel users from the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Databases (01/2006–12/2012). Rates of clopidogrel-PPI combination therapy were estimated in 6-month intervals for patients with ≥1 clopidogrel prescription fill, then were analyzed pre- and post-safety communication (11/17/2009). Analyses were also conducted by grouping PPIs into CYP2C19 inhibitors (omeprazole and esomeprazole) and CYP2C19 non-inhibitors (pantoprazole, lansoprazole, dexlansoprazole, and rabeprazole).</p><p>Results</p><p>Overall, 483,074 patients met the selection criteria; of these, 157,248 used a clopidogrel-PPI combination. On average, 30.5% of patients in the pre- and 19.9% in the post-communication period used a clopidogrel-PPI combination therapy. Among clopidogrel users, the probability of using clopidogrel-PPI combinations fell by over 40% in the post-communication period (OR = 0.57; <i>p</i><0.001); the proportion of patients using esomeprazole fell from 12.9% to 5.3%, and the proportion using omeprazole fell from 10.1% to 6.3%. Among combination therapy users, the probability of patients using a combination with a CYP2C19 inhibitor decreased by 53% (OR = 0.47; <i>p</i><0.001); however, 31.5% of patients were still prescribed a clopidogrel-PPI combination therapy. Trends were similar for all and newly treated patients, regardless of clopidogrel indication and physician specialty.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The FDA Safety Communication resulted in a reduction in the number of patients undergoing combination therapy; however approximately one-third of patients still used combination therapy post-communication.</p></div

Dosing Patterns and Economic Burden of Palbociclib Drug Wastage in HR+/HER2- metastatic Breast Cancer

<p><b>Article full text</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>The full text of this article can be found here<b>. </b><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-018-0701-5">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-018-0701-5</a></p><p></p> <p><br></p> <p><b>Provide enhanced content for this article</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>If you are an author of this publication and would like to provide additional enhanced content for your article then please contact <a href="http://www.medengine.com/Redeem/”mailto:[email protected]”"><b>[email protected]</b></a>.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The journal offers a range of additional features designed to increase visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside. Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:</p> <p><br></p> <p>• Slide decks</p> <p>• Videos and animations</p> <p>• Audio abstracts</p> <p>• Audio slides</p

Among clopidogrel users, proportion of patients using clopidogrel-PPI combination therapy over time.

<p>Notes: ^a Total number of patient-semesters pre-safety communication = 272,113; post-safety communication = 1,593,625. ^b Percentages add up to more than 100% because more than 1 PPI could be prescribed in the same semester. ^c * indicates that the results are significant at the 5% level (two-sided alpha). ^d Protonix was first released as a generic, pantoprazole, in August 2007. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; S, semester.</p

Economic Burden of HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer among Adult Premenopausal Women

<p></p><p><b>Article full text</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>The full text of this article can be found here<b>.</b> <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-018-0689-x">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-018-0689-x</a></p><p></p><p></p><p> </p><p><br></p> <p><b>Provide enhanced content for this article</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>If you are an author of this publication and would like to provide additional enhanced content for your article then please contact <a href="http://www.medengine.com/Redeem/”mailto:[email protected]”"><b>[email protected]</b></a>.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The journal offers a range of additional features designed to increase visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside. Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:</p> <p><br></p> <p>• Slide decks</p> <p>• Videos and animations</p> <p>• Audio abstracts</p> <p>• Audio slides</p><br><p></p

Patient journey before and after a formal post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis in adults in the United States – a retrospective claims study

To describe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related symptoms and frequent psychiatric comorbidities, treatments received, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and healthcare costs pre- and post-PTSD diagnosis among adults in the United States. Adults with PTSD who received a PTSD-related pharmacological treatment (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor [SSRI], serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [SNRI], atypical antipsychotic [AA]) within 24 months of the first observed PTSD diagnosis (index date) were identified using MarketScan Commercial Database (2015–2020). Study outcomes were assessed during the 6-month pre-diagnosis and 24-month post-diagnosis periods. Subgroup analyses included patients treated or not treated with AAs post-PTSD diagnosis. Of the overall patients (N = 26,306; mean age at diagnosis 39.5 years; 73.3% female), 85.9% had PTSD-related symptoms and frequent psychiatric comorbidities during the 6 months pre-diagnosis. Patients treated with AAs post-PTSD diagnosis (N = 9,298) tended to have higher rates of PTSD-related symptoms and comorbidities at diagnosis than those not treated with AAs (N = 7,011). Following diagnosis, the most commonly observed first-line treatments were SSRI (67.4%), AA (23.4%), and SNRI (22.6%). The rate of PTSD-related symptoms and comorbidities, psychotherapy and pharmacological treatments received, HRU, and healthcare costs increased during the 6 months post-diagnosis relative to the 6 months pre-diagnosis and then declined over time during the 24 months post-diagnosis. The PTSD diagnosis was associated with increased rates of symptoms and frequent psychiatric comorbidities, psychotherapy and pharmacological treatments received, HRU, and healthcare costs, pointing to increased patient monitoring. Within 6 to 12 months after the PTSD diagnosis, these outcomes tended to reduce, perhaps as patients were obtaining targeted and effective care.</p

Comparison of medical costs and healthcare resource utilization of post-menopausal women with HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer receiving everolimus-based therapy or chemotherapy: a retrospective claims database analysis

<p><b>Objective:</b></p> <p>To analyze medical costs and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) associated with everolimus-based therapy or chemotherapy among post-menopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive, human-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-negative (HR+/HER2−) metastatic breast cancer (mBC).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b></p> <p>Patients with HR+/HER2− mBC who discontinued a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor and began a new line of treatment with everolimus-based therapy or chemotherapy (index therapy/index date) between July 20, 2012 and April 30, 2014 were identified from two large claims databases. All-cause, BC-related, and adverse event (AE)-related medical costs (in 2014 USD) and all-cause HRU per patient per month (PPPM) were analyzed for both treatment groups across patients’ first four lines of therapies for mBC. Adjusted differences in costs and HRU between the everolimus and chemotherapy treatment group were estimated pooling all lines and using multivariable generalized linear models, accounting for difference in patient characteristics.</p> <p><b>Results:</b></p> <p>A total of 3298 patients were included: 902 everolimus-treated patients and 2636 chemotherapy-treated patients. Compared to chemotherapy, everolimus was associated with significantly lower all-cause (adjusted mean difference = $3455, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and BC-related ($2510, <i>p</i> < 0.01) total medical costs, with inpatient ($1344, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and outpatient costs ($1048, <i>p</i> < 0.01) as the main drivers for cost differences. Everolimus was also associated with significantly lower AE-related medical costs ($1730, <i>p</i> < 0.01), as well as significantly lower HRU (emergency room incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.83; inpatient IRR = 0.74; inpatient days IRR = 0.65; outpatient IRR = 0.71; BC-related outpatient IRR = 0.57; all <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b></p> <p>This retrospective claims database analysis of commercially-insured patients with HR+/HER2− mBC in the US showed that everolimus was associated with substantial all-cause, BC-related, and AE-related medical cost savings and less utilization of healthcare resources relative to chemotherapy.</p

Real-World Analysis of Medical Costs and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Elderly Women with HR+/HER2− Metastatic Breast Cancer Receiving Everolimus-Based Therapy or Chemotherapy

<p><b>Article full text</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>The full text of this article can be found here<b>. </b><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-016-0328-3">https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12325-016-0328-3</a></p><p></p> <p><br></p> <p><b>Provide enhanced content for this article</b></p> <p><br></p> <p>If you are an author of this publication and would like to provide additional enhanced content for your article then please contact <a href="http://www.medengine.com/Redeem/”mailto:[email protected]”"><b>[email protected]</b></a>.</p> <p><br></p> <p>The journal offers a range of additional features designed to increase visibility and readership. All features will be thoroughly peer reviewed to ensure the content is of the highest scientific standard and all features are marked as ‘peer reviewed’ to ensure readers are aware that the content has been reviewed to the same level as the articles they are being presented alongside. Moreover, all sponsorship and disclosure information is included to provide complete transparency and adherence to good publication practices. This ensures that however the content is reached the reader has a full understanding of its origin. No fees are charged for hosting additional open access content.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Other enhanced features include, but are not limited to:</p> <p><br></p> <p>• Slide decks</p> <p>• Videos and animations</p> <p>• Audio abstracts</p> <p>• Audio slides</p

Comparison of HRU between IBS-C patients and IBS patients without constipation.

<p>Comparison of HRU between IBS-C patients and IBS patients without constipation.</p

Regional variation of GI medical procedures or diagnostic tests and pharmacy prescriptions for treating constipation or diarrhea.

<p>Note: For OR, odds ratio, reference is the rest of US rate. Abbreviations: GI: gastrointestinal; US, United States. Map data reprinted from SAS software version 9.3 (Cary, NC) under a CC BY license, with permission from GfK GeoMarketing (Bruchsal, Baden-Württemberg, Germany), original copyright 2015.</p

Average Number of Events per Patients.

<p>Average Number of Events per Patients.</p