Why Have a Pet Amphibian? Insights From YouTube

The desire to own a pet amphibian is growing, and with it a growth in amphibian trade and in negative impacts on native populations, including disease transmission and invasive amphibian populations. We know very little about how or why people choose amphibians as pets, but amphibian owners share large numbers of videos on freely accessible platforms, such as YouTube. We aimed to use videos of captive amphibians to determine which species are kept, their life-history stage and the types of videos uploaded. We watched and categorized 1,162 videos by video type, type of amphibian behavior and amphibian taxonomy (superfamily, family, and species). We used data on the amphibian trade from the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), on conservation status from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list, and on potential environmental impact from published Environmental Impact Classification of Alien Taxa (EICAT) records, to determine potential conflicts of owning pet amphibians. We recorded 173 captive species in 847 videos with a taxonomic overrepresentation of salamandroids and pipoids, and an underrepresentation of ranoids and plethodontoids. When compared to videos of wild amphibian species, videos of captive animals featured disproportionate amounts of adults feeding, being handled and moving. The videos watched had a smaller proportion of threatened amphibian species, but a higher proportion of invasive species, than would be expected by chance, with the proportion present in CITES appendices (18%) being non-significant. We suggest that such data can be used to profile potential pets for trade and attempt to avoid conflicts with threatened and highly impacting alien species

Risk factors for Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) death in a population cohort study from the Western Cape province, South Africa

Risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death in sub-Saharan Africa and the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis on COVID-19 outcomes are unknown. We conducted a population cohort study using linked data from adults attending public-sector health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, location, and comorbidities, to examine the associations between HIV, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 death from 1 March to 9 June 2020 among (1) public-sector “active patients” (≥1 visit in the 3 years before March 2020); (2) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases; and (3) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for COVID-19, comparing adults living with and without HIV using modeled population estimates.Among 3 460 932 patients (16% living with HIV), 22 308 were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 625 died. COVID19 death was associated with male sex, increasing age, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. HIV was associated with COVID-19 mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70–2.70), with similar risks across strata of viral loads and immunosuppression. Current and previous diagnoses of tuberculosis were associated with COVID-19 death (aHR, 2.70 [95% CI, 1.81–4.04] and 1.51 [95% CI, 1.18–1.93], respectively). The SMR for COVID-19 death associated with HIV was 2.39 (95% CI, 1.96–2.86); population attributable fraction 8.5% (95% CI, 6.1–11.1)

Sustained Effects of Muscle Calpain System Genotypes on Tenderness Phenotypes of South African Beef Bulls during Ageing up to 20 Days

The most important factor that determines beef tenderness is its proteolytic activity, and the balance between calpain-1 protease activity and calpastatin inhibition is especially important, while contributions can also arise from calpain-2 and, possibly, calpain-3. The meat ageing process itself affects these processes. To determine whether genotypes in the calpain–calpastatin system can enhance tenderness through a 20-day ageing period, South African purebred beef bulls (n = 166) were genotyped using the Illumina BovineHD SNP BeadChip through a gene-based association analysis targeting the cast, capn3, capn2 and capn1 genes. The Warner–Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and myofibril fragment length (MFL) of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) steaks were evaluated between d 3 and d 20 of ageing, with protease enzyme activity in the first 20 h post-mortem. Although several of the 134 SNPs are associated with tenderness, only seven SNP in the cast, capn2 and capn1 genes sustained genetic associations, additive to the ageing-associated increases in tenderness for at least three of the four ageing periods. While most genomic associations were relatively stable over time, some genotypes within the SNP responded differently to ageing, resulting in altered genomic effects over time. The level of ageing at which genomic associations are performed is an important factor that determines whether SNPs affect tenderness phenotypes

Cent ans de répressions des violences à enfants

Il y a guère plus d’un an, l’enfant martyr était à la mode. Les reportages télévisuels sur les « petits esclaves indiens » succédaient aux articles sur l’exploitation sexuelle des fillettes et des garçonnets thaïlandais et aux interviews de victimes de brutalités familiales et d’inceste. Aujourd’hui, l’adolescence dangereuse a remplacé dans les médias l’enfance victime. Depuis deux siècles, le regard porté sur les « jeunes en difficulté » oscille entre compassion et peur sociale. Les premiers temps de la IIIe République furent plutôt favorables aux fils et aux filles des classes populaires. Non seulement les législateurs républicains généralisent la scolarisation et limitent le travail des plus jeunes, mais ils cherchent à améliorer le sort des plus défavorisés. La loi de 1889 sur la déchéance de la puissance paternelle et la loi de 1898 sur la répression des violences et voies de fait sur enfant visent à protéger les plus fragiles et veulent contribuer à la « civilisation des mœurs ». C’est l’histoire de cet effort que nous avons voulu retracer dans la présente livraison de notre revue

The role of aspirin in post-polypectomy bleeding – a retrospective survey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bleeding following colonoscopic polypectomy is a common complication and has been reported to occur in up to 6.1% of patients. Several risk factors have been discussed but their overall contribution to post-polypectomy bleeding remains controversial. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of post polypectomy bleeding and to analyse the role of potential risk factors especially the role of aspirin.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent polypectomy at Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand between January 2007 and June 2009.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During the study period, 514 patients underwent colonoscopy with polypectomy and a total of 1502 polyps were removed. From further analysis we excluded 21 patients; 15 patients had surgery immediately after colonoscopy for the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma and 6 patients presented with symptoms of an acute lower gastrointestinal bleed prior to colonoscopy. Of the remaining 493 patients, 11 patients (2.2%) presented with post-polypectomy bleeding within 30 days of the investigation of which 8 were on aspirin. In total 145 patients were taking aspirin prior to colonoscopy and 348 patients were not taking aspirin. The use of aspirin was associated with an increased prevalence of post-polypectomy bleeding (OR=6.72, 95% C.I. 1.76 to 25.7). Interestingly, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was not associated with risk of bleeding after polypectomy (OR=2.82, 95% C.I, 0.34 to 23.3).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our study confirmed a significantly increased risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding following polypectomy in patients taking aspirin. We would recommend approaching the patient on aspirin coming forward for a colonoscopy with potential polypectomy with caution.</p

LES CONTEMPORAINS ECRIVENT POUR LES INSTRUMENTS A VENT

Comprend : LA FLUTE - PASTORALE / Amable MASSIS - ROMANCE / Arthur HONEGGER - MARCHE DES GAIS LURONS / Henri GAGNEBIN ; Jean-Pierre RAMPAL, flûte - au pianoFrançoise GOBET - LE BASSON - DIVERTISSEMENTS / Fernand OUBRADOUS - CARIGNANE / Jacques IBERT - PASSEPIED / Marcel BITSCH - GOGUENARDISES / André BLOCH - QUADRILLE / René DUCLOS ; Maurice ALLARD, basson - au pianoFrançoise GOBET - LE COR - DANSE / Joseph CANTELOUBE - VALSE / Henri MARTELLI - CANON A L'OCTAVE / Jean FRANCAIX ; Gilbert COURSIER, cor - au pianoAnnie d'ARCO - LA TROMPETTE - AUBADE / Daniel LESUR - AIR DE BRAVOURE / André JOLIVET ; Roger DELMOTTE, trompette - au pianoFrançoise GOBET - LA CLARINETTE - FLIRT / René CHALLAN - VOLIERE / Raymond LOUCHEUR - CANTABILE / Noël GALLON - NOCTURNE / Henri THOMAS ; Jacques LANCELOT, clarinette - au pianoFrançoise GOBET - LE SAXOPHONE - RONDE / Yves LACAZINIERE - INCANTATION / Roger VUATAZ - GIN-FIZZ / Ivan K. SEMENOFF - DANSE / René HERBIN ; Daniel DEFAYET, saxophone - au pianoFrançoise GOBET - LE HAUTBOIS - CHANT POUR LES PIROGUIERS DE L'ORENOQUE / André JOLIVET - IMPROMPTU / Georges AURIC - CAPRICCIO / Jacques MURGIER - NINA AU MATIN BLEU / Henry BARRAUD - COMME UNE SERENADE / Robert PLANEL ; Pierre PIERLOT, hautbois - au pianoAnnie d'ARCOBnF-Partenariats, Collection sonore - BelieveContient une table des matière