Modelling e-participation implementation:A network-based approach for online and offline participation

E-participation consists of several phases such as planning, implementation and evaluation. However, when representing this process, the implementation phase tends to be considered as a single block (the so-called "black-box"). This becomes a problem when the implementation combines offline and online methods, as it requires a detailed characterization and representation of all elements involved. In this paper we tackle this issue by proposing a network-based model to describe these methods. This choice is motivated by the fact that network models allow to better describe the distributed nature of these activities. To build this model we make use of the theory in Social Networks Analysis (SNA) to represent the main interactions between all actors involved. To asses the reliability and added value of the presented model, this approach is applied to four different use cases that showcase various combinations of online and offline participation methods. The results of these use cases show the great potential of the network-based model as a tool for designing, comparing and evaluating different types of implementations. Namely, the visualization of the model allows to asses the level of participation, the role of the different actors and how different instruments are combined

Modelling e-participation implementation:A network-based approach for online and offline participation

E-participation consists of several phases such as planning, implementation and evaluation. However, when representing this process, the implementation phase tends to be considered as a single block (the so-called "black-box"). This becomes a problem when the implementation combines offline and online methods, as it requires a detailed characterization and representation of all elements involved. In this paper we tackle this issue by proposing a network-based model to describe these methods. This choice is motivated by the fact that network models allow to better describe the distributed nature of these activities. To build this model we make use of the theory in Social Networks Analysis (SNA) to represent the main interactions between all actors involved. To asses the reliability and added value of the presented model, this approach is applied to four different use cases that showcase various combinations of online and offline participation methods. The results of these use cases show the great potential of the network-based model as a tool for designing, comparing and evaluating different types of implementations. Namely, the visualization of the model allows to asses the level of participation, the role of the different actors and how different instruments are combined

A Typology for AI-enhanced Online Ideation: Application to Digital Participation Platforms

Digital Participation Platforms (DPP) can enable a massive online participation of citizens in policy-making. However, this digital channel brings new challenges for citizens in the form of information overload and asynchronous dialogues. Various disciplines of online ideation provide different AI-based approaches to tackle these challenges, but the literature remains fragmented. In consequence, this paper develops a typology for online ideation consisting of six types of AI-enhanced solutions. The application of this typology to DPP shows a prominence of automated tasks, with few AI-human loop approaches, and a current lack of applications at the collective level. This general typology also allows us to compare current DPP solutions to other fields, such as open innovation or recommender systems, and to use these fields as inspiration for future solutions. Overall, this paper suggests a theoretical foundation to analyze AI-enhanced online ideation under the form of a typology. Its application to DPP enables identifying future research opportunities and serves as a basis to develop complex architectures for the use of AI in DPP

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