Toxin production in a rare and genetically remote cluster of strains of the group-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Toxin production in a rare and genetically remote cluster of strains of the group"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/7/43</p><p>BMC Microbiology 2007;7():43-43.</p><p>Published online 21 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1888693.</p><p></p>s from strains INRA AF2, NVH 883/00 and NVH 391/98, collected from late log phase cultures grown at 32°C

Toxin production in a rare and genetically remote cluster of strains of the group-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Toxin production in a rare and genetically remote cluster of strains of the group"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/7/43</p><p>BMC Microbiology 2007;7():43-43.</p><p>Published online 21 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1888693.</p><p></p>391/98, NVH 0075/95 and ATCC 14579 detected using the 1C2 antibody, reactive against both NheB and Hbl component L. Samples were collected from late log phase cultures grown at 32°C. NVH 0075/95 and ATCC 14579 were used as controls; NVH 0075/95 does not contain , while ATCC 14579 produces both Nhe and Hbl. The results show that strains NVH 391/98 and INRA AF2 produce NheB

Toxin production in a rare and genetically remote cluster of strains of the group-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Toxin production in a rare and genetically remote cluster of strains of the group"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2180/7/43</p><p>BMC Microbiology 2007;7():43-43.</p><p>Published online 21 May 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1888693.</p><p></p>ne sequences of different strains of the group. The tree was based on the MLST scheme described at the University of Oslo's group MultiLocus Sequence Typing website [16]. Bootstrap support values (in %) are shown next to the appropriate nodes. Abbreviations: : , : , :

<i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> CC8 genome sequences used in the present study.

<p><i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> CC8 genome sequences used in the present study.</p

Phylogeny for the <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> CC8 isolates based on whole-genome SNP analysis.

<p>Maximum Parsimony tree based on 872 non-homoplasic chromosomal SNPs. The tree was rooted on <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> IZSAM_Lm_14–16064. Bootstrap support is shown for nodes with <100% bootstrap support. Branch lengths are in the units of the number of changes over the whole sequence (except for the branch for IZSAM_Lm_14–16064 which has been shortened for clarity), and the number of contributing SNPs is indicated below each branch (numbers in pink). For details on the identity of the indicated SNPs differentiating the strains, see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151117#pone.0151117.s001" target="_blank">S1</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151117#pone.0151117.s002" target="_blank">S2</a> Tables. The ST8 lineage is indicated by a box with dashed line, for the other strains the ST is indicated in parenthesis after strain names. The origin of strains is indicated by the colour of the strain name: Blue; salmon processing facility, green; poultry processing facility or meat, orange; cheese, pink; human clinical strain. Superscripts after strain names indicate the variant of the <i>hsdRMS</i> locus found in each strain (see text, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151117#pone.0151117.g002" target="_blank">Fig 2</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151117#pone.0151117.t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a> for details). The year of isolation (when known) is noted below the name of each isolate.</p

Non-SNP differences between the <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> ST8 genomes.

<p>Non-SNP differences between the <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> ST8 genomes.</p

Comparison of prophages present in the <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> ST8 genomes.

<p>Predicted ORFs are represented by blue arrows. Highly conserved segments, determined by pairwise BLASTn comparisons, are indicated by grey shaded regions with the color intensity indicating the nucleotide identity levels (from 66% to 100%). Similarities with E values lower than 0.001 were plotted. The prophages are denoted by names indicating the locus where they are inserted into the genome, followed by the host strain name(s) in parenthesis. For the prophages denoted by R479a, almost identical prophages were also identified in isolates MF4245, MF3949, MF4077, MF5369, MF5377 and SHL004, and in the case of the <i>comK</i> prophage, also in strain Lm21045.</p

Comparison of <i>L</i>. <i>monocytogenes</i> plasmids.

<p>Predicted ORFs are represented by arrows, with the <i>repA</i> replication initiation gene in red, the <i>cadAC</i> cadmium resistance transposon Tn<i>5422</i> in orange, the <i>pemI</i>-<i>pemK</i> toxin-antitoxin module in green, and a predicted arsenic resistance operon in blue. Highly conserved segments, determined by pairwise BLASTn comparisons, are indicated by grey shaded regions with the color intensity indicating the nucleotide identity levels (from 93% to 100%). Similarities with E values lower than 0.001 and a minimum length of 1000 bp were plotted.</p

Biofilm formation by mutant strains.

<p>Biofilm production by the wild type strain 407 (wt) and by the 407 mutants <i>spo0A</i>, <i>abrB</i>, <i>sinI</i>, <i>sinR</i>, <i>sinI-sinR</i> and <i>krsABC</i>, was assessed in microtiter plates and in glass tubes. A: Bars represent the means of six (microtiter plates) to 12 (glass tubes) replicates from three independent experiments, and error bars represent the standard error of the mean. B: Pictures of the floating pellicles obtained in glass tubes for wild type and mutant strains.</p

Primers used in this study.

<p>The primers were used to delete the <i>sinI</i>, <i>sinR</i>, <i>sinI-sinR</i> and <i>abrB</i> genes from the strain 407, or to create transcriptional fusions between the promoters of <i>hbl</i> or of <i>sinI</i> and <i>lacZ</i>, <i>yfp</i> or <i>mcherry</i> on the pHT304-18 plasmid.</p>a<p>: underlined sequences indicate the location of restriction sites, and lower case letters indicate overlapping sequences complementary to P<i>hbl</i> (not underlined) or to P<i>sinI</i> (underlined).</p