Mean differences (95% confidence intervals, CI) in birth size as predicted by the additive effects of social Adversity and at least one risk allele (<i>CCNL1/LEKR1</i>- rs900400).

*<p><i>n</i> in the adjusted model,</p>**<p>controlling for gestational age, maternal smoking, maternal alcohol consumption, parity, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, sex, gestational diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy.</p

Mean differences (95% confidence intervals, CI) in birth size as predicted by the additive effects of neighborhood social disparity and at least one risk allele (<i>CCNL1/LEKR1</i>- rs900400).

*<p><i>n</i> in the adjusted model,</p>**<p>controlling for gestational age, maternal smoking, maternal alcohol consumption, parity, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, sex, gestational diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy.</p

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (GLM) of the association between neighborhood social disparity and birth size [birth weight (g), length (cm), head circumference (cm) and ponderal index] in the whole NFBC86 Cohort (<i>n</i> = 9135) and stratified by sex.

*<p><i>n</i> in the adjusted model.</p>**<p>Adjusting for gestational age, maternal smoking, maternal alcohol consumption, parity, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy. <b>^r</b> dditionally adjusting for sex. Neighborhood social disparity =  living in an environment different to individual SES.</p

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis (GLM) of the association between social adversity and birth size [birth weight (g), length (cm), head circumference (cm) and ponderal index] in the whole NFBC86 Cohort (<i>n</i> = 9135) and stratified by sex.

*<p><i>n</i> in the adjusted model.</p>**<p>Adjusting for gestational age, maternal smoking, maternal alcohol consumption, parity, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes and hypertension during pregnancy. <b>^r</b> Additionally adjusting for sex.</p

Predictive values of 5 year BMI in the top 10% and maternal overweight (incl. obesity).

<p>BMI- Body mass index. PPV- positive predictive value. NPV - negative predictive value. NFBC1966 and NFBC1986 – Northern Finnish Birth Cohorts born in 1966 and 1986.</p

Characteristics of the study population given as medians (5–95% range) and percentages.

<p>BMI: Body mass index.</p

Relative risk of individual components of the metabolic syndrome at 31 years linked to percentile division of BMI at the age of 5 years.

<p>*Statistically significant difference between genders.</p><p>BMI – body mass index.</p

Relative risk of overweight at the age of 9 years according to the IOTF associated with pre- and perinatal risk indicators in the NFBC1966 and the NFBC1986.

<p>No statistically significant differences between genders found.</p><p>**Statistically significant difference between cohorts. BMI- Body mass index. IOTF – overweight/obese according to the International Obesity Task Force. NFBC1966 and NFBC1986 – Northern Finnish Birth Cohorts born in 1966 and 1986.</p

Relative risk of overweight at the age of 15 years according to the IOTF associated with early weight and BMI measures in the NFBC1966 and the NFBC1986.

<p>*Statistically significant difference between genders. No statistically significant differences between the cohorts found. BMI- Body mass index. IOTF – overweight/obese according to the International Obesity Task Force. NFBC1966 and NFBC1986 – Northern Finnish Birth Cohorts born in 1966 and 1986.</p

Medians (5% and 95% percentiles) and percentages of outcomes and risk indicators in the NFBC1966 and NFBC1986.

<p>**Statistically significant difference between cohorts. BMI- Body mass index. IOTF – overweight/obese according to the International Obesity Task Force. NFBC1966 and NFBC1986 – Northern Finnish Birth Cohorts born in 1966 and 1986.</p