Additional file 1: of The efficacy of fall-risk-increasing drug (FRID) withdrawal for the prevention of falls and fall-related complications: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) 2015 checklist: recommended items to address in a systematic review protocol. (PDF 535 kb

Results of the original PLR model and bootstrap analyses for stroke and major bleeding in KPCO-I cohort.

<p>Results of the original PLR model and bootstrap analyses for stroke and major bleeding in KPCO-I cohort.</p

Model performance of PLR model for stroke and major bleeding and Cox model for death in KPCO-I and KPCO-II cohorts.

<p>Model performance of PLR model for stroke and major bleeding and Cox model for death in KPCO-I and KPCO-II cohorts.</p

Characteristics of study patients stratified by warfarin users versus non-users in derivation and validation cohort.

<p>Characteristics of study patients stratified by warfarin users versus non-users in derivation and validation cohort.</p

Results of the Cox model for death in the KPCO-I cohort.

<p>Results of the Cox model for death in the KPCO-I cohort.</p

Warfarin’s combined benefit and harm outcomes.

<p>Warfarin’s combined benefit and harm outcomes.</p

Can We Predict Individual Combined Benefit and Harm of Therapy? Warfarin Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation as a Test Case

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>To construct and validate a prediction model for individual combined benefit and harm outcomes (stroke with no major bleeding, major bleeding with no stroke, neither event, or both) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with and without warfarin therapy.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Using the Kaiser Permanente Colorado databases, we included patients newly diagnosed with AF between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2012 for model construction and validation. The primary outcome was a prediction model of composite of stroke or major bleeding using polytomous logistic regression (PLR) modelling. The secondary outcome was a prediction model of all-cause mortality using the Cox regression modelling.</p><p>Results</p><p>We included 9074 patients with 4537 and 4537 warfarin users and non-users, respectively. In the derivation cohort (n = 4632), there were 136 strokes (2.94%), 280 major bleedings (6.04%) and 1194 deaths (25.78%) occurred. In the prediction models, warfarin use was not significantly associated with risk of stroke, but increased the risk of major bleeding and decreased the risk of death. Both the PLR and Cox models were robust, internally and externally validated, and with acceptable model performances.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>In this study, we introduce a new methodology for predicting individual combined benefit and harm outcomes associated with warfarin therapy for patients with AF. Should this approach be validated in other patient populations, it has potential advantages over existing risk stratification approaches as a patient-physician aid for shared decision-making</p></div

Outcomes until study outcome end date between warfarin users and non-users in KPCO-I and KPCO-II cohorts.

<p>Outcomes until study outcome end date between warfarin users and non-users in KPCO-I and KPCO-II cohorts.</p

Sensitivity analysis results from competing risk analysis for stroke and bleeding based on survival analysis in KPCO-I cohort.

<p>Sensitivity analysis results from competing risk analysis for stroke and bleeding based on survival analysis in KPCO-I cohort.</p