Levelplot of the linearized Slatkin population differentiation (F_ST) values and significant p values.

<p>(A) Levelplot of the linearized Slatkin F_ST values of the European medieval populations. (B) significant p values (< 0.05) are indicated in green. The exact F_ST and p values and population information can be found in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151206#pone.0151206.s009" target="_blank">S6 Table</a>.</p

Location of medieval cemeteries from the contact zone of Central Europe.

<p>(1) Čakajovce (Slovakia). (2) Nitra-Šindolka (Slovakia). (3) Lébény (Hungary). (Illustration).</p

PCA of the investigated medieval and modern-day populations.

<p>The PCA is based on mtDNA haplogroup frequencies of the medieval population from Slovakia and 33 modern-day populations from Eurasia, and represents PC1 and PC2. For the frequencies and the list of abbreviations see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151206#pone.0151206.s011" target="_blank">S8 Table</a>.</p

PCA and hierarchical clustering of medieval populations.

<p>PCA (A) and hierarchical clustering (B) based on mtDNA haplogroup frequencies of 12 medieval populations show a clustering of medieval populations from Slovakia (SVK-medieval), Lombards from Hungary (HUN-Lombards) and a medieval population from Poland (POL-medieval). The medieval populations and the Vikings of North Europe are clustered together, as are the medieval populations from South Europe. The index of abbreviations is in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151206#pone.0151206.s010" target="_blank">S7 Table</a>.</p

Reconstruction of the original appearance of the megalithic mound of Alto de Reinoso (graphic: Héctor Arcusa Magallón).

<p>Reconstruction of the original appearance of the megalithic mound of Alto de Reinoso (graphic: Héctor Arcusa Magallón).</p

Scatter plot of δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values and faunal collagen data from the Alto de Reinoso collective tomb and data from comparable Mesolithic and Neolithic sites.

<p>1: Valencia: Santa Maria, Penya del Camtador, Clingel des Mans Nou (Spain [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146176#pone.0146176.ref104" target="_blank">104</a>]), 2: El Collado (Spain [137), 3: Costamar (Spain [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146176#pone.0146176.ref143" target="_blank">143</a>]), 4: Cova de la Pastore (Spain [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146176#pone.0146176.ref139" target="_blank">139</a>]), 5: Mean values from Casa da Moura, Gruta do Caldeirao, Gruta da Feteira, Gruta da Fontainhas, Roche Forte II, Cerca do Zambujal, Melides (Portugal [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146176#pone.0146176.ref141" target="_blank">141</a>]); 6: Fateira II (Portugal [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146176#pone.0146176.ref069" target="_blank">69</a>]), 7: Paimogo I (Portugal [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146176#pone.0146176.ref069" target="_blank">69</a>]), 8: Cabeco da Arruda (Portugal [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146176#pone.0146176.ref069" target="_blank">69</a>]), 9: Languedoc area, Les Crés, Montou, (France [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146176#pone.0146176.ref138" target="_blank">138</a>]), 10: Garonne area, Cugnaux, Villeneuve-Tolosane, Narbons (France [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0146176#pone.0146176.ref138" target="_blank">138</a>]) (graphic: C. Knipper).</p

Principal component analysis (A) and Ward type hierarchical clustering (B) with 19 Western and Central European populations.

<p>On both image parts south-western European hunter-gatherers [HGSW] and Central European hunter-gatherers [HGC] are symbolised by grey hexagons, Early Neolithic Iberian groups (Central Portugal [CP_EN], north Spain [NS_EN], and northeast Spain [NE_EN]) by red circles and Middle/Late Neolithic groups by pink star and circles (Alto de Reinoso [Reinoso], north Spain [NS_MLN], northeast Spain [NES_MLN], south French Treilles group [TRE]). Magenta-coloured circles indicate the chalcolithic El Mirador cave [El_Mirador] and Late Neolithic-Chalcolithic Central Portugal [CP_LN_CH]. Early Neolithic groups in Central Europe and Carpathian Basin are represented by brown circles (Starcevo culture [STA], Linear pottery culture in Transdanubia [LBKT], Linear Pottery culture in Central Europe [LBK], Rössen culture [RSC], Schöningen group [SCG]), Middle Neolithic groups in Central Europe (Salzmünde Culture [SMC], Baalberge Culture [BAC], Bernburg Culture [BEC]) are in orange. (B) Cluster significance is given as AU (Approximately Unbiased) p-value in %, which is computed by multi-scale bootstrap resampling with 10,000 replicates (graphic: A. Szécsényi-Nagy).</p

Superposition of different layers of the Neolithic ossuary indicating the individuals with the same genetic profile (graphic: Héctor Arcusa Magallón).

<p>Superposition of different layers of the Neolithic ossuary indicating the individuals with the same genetic profile (graphic: Héctor Arcusa Magallón).</p