Chromium in food products

Chromium plays an important role in human and animal bodies. According to the oxidation state chromium can be advantageous for human health and, simultaneously possesses toxic properties. In this work the studies concerning the chromium content in the total and Cr (VI) forms in selected and frequently used during breakfast food products were presented. The largest quantities of the metal occur in raw cereal products (non-roasted buckwheat or brown rice bread) and herbs such as garlic or mint. The lowest chromium contents were observed in raw and UHT milk samples

Determination of total contents of transition metals in selected granular black teas marketed in Poland

The total contents of metals in three granulated black tea samples marketed in Poland were determined. Four elements consisting transition metals (Ni, Cu, Zn and Fe) were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). All examined tea brands contain considerable contents of the studied transition metals. Among the tested transition metals Fe (242-589 mg kg-1) was the most abundant one in the granular black tea imported from India. The highest value of Fe was analyzed in the cheapest tea, the smallest in the most expensive. The other metals are less abundant than Fe, their values varied from 8.50-8.90 for Ni, 7.80-10.4 for Cu and 8.13-12.6 for Zn mg kg-1. The accuracy of the proposed method was assessed by determining the recovery of metals from analyzed tea samples using the standard addition method. Recovery assays of nickel, copper, zinc and iron were demonstrated satisfactory, mean recoveries 99.29, 100.31, 99.94 and 99.79 %, respectively

Naringenin Schiff base: antioxidant activity, acid–base profile, and interactions with DNA

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Oznaczanie wybranych metali toksycznych, związków nieorganicznych i organicznych w żywności

Skrypt jest przeznaczony dla studentów Politechniki Łódzkiej, Wydziału Biotechnologii i Nauk o Żywności oraz innych Wydziałów Politechnik i Uniwersytetów, a także Uczelni Rolniczych. Mogą z niego również korzystać pracownicy laboratoriów badawczych oraz przemysłowych.Skrypt jest przeznaczony dla studentów Politechniki Łódzkiej, Wydziału Biotechnologii i Nauk o Żywności oraz innych Wydziałów Politechnik i Uniwersytetów, a także Uczelni Rolniczych. Ćwiczenia mają za zadanie zapoznanie studentów z podstawowymi metodami wykrywania wybranych związków, metali oraz ich oznaczania w produktach spożywczych. W skrypcie opisany został proces mineralizacji próbek środowiskowych. W części eksperymentalnej ćwiczenia laboratoryjne są poprzedzone materiałem teoretycznym, który ma za zadanie ułatwić studentom zrozumienie wykonywanego oznaczenia oraz pracę w laboratorium. Końcowy rozdział zawiera zaproponowane przez Autorów pytania kontrolne mające na celu utrwalenie materiału zawartego w skrypcie

Application of UV-VIS spectrophotometry in determination of solubility of bupivacaine hydrochloride

W celu wstępnego zbadania rozpuszczalności i ogólnego zachowania się chlorowodorku bupiwakainy, leku znieczulającego miejscowo, w różnych rozpuszczalnikach oraz w środowiskach o różnym pH i przy zmiennych stężeniach wykorzystano spektroskopię UV-Vis. W literaturze światowej, jak i polskiej znajduje się niewiele informacji dotyczących tego typu badań, dlatego też wyniki uzyskane w tej pracy stanowią pewne uzupełnienie stanu wiedzy w tym zakresie.Preliminary examination of solubility and general behaviour of bupivacaine hydrochloride, local anaesthetic, in different solvents, pH environment and variable concentrations was performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. There are not much information, including this kind of examinations, in world and Polish literature. Therefore, obtained results in this paper present certain addition in knowledge in this area

Antioxidant properties of Moringa oleifera and Withania somnifera extracts and their use in cosmetics for men

Nowadays, men are paying more and more attention to their appearance, and thus try to provide their skin with proper care so that it looks healthy and without signs of aging. In the present study, ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and moringa oleifera (Moringa oleifera) were selected from the most popular adaptogens used in cosmetics, which are currently not commonly used in cosmetic preparations for men. The selected adaptogens were compared for their phytochemical and antioxidant properties to determine their skin care effects in cosmetics. The phytochemical content was evaluated through the determination of total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS{2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)} free radical scavenging tests. The total phenolic contents 1.81±0.13 and 0.14±0.02 mg GAE/g extract were found to be present in Moringa oleifera and Withania somnifera glycol-water extracts, respectively. Among the two chosen extracts, Moringa oleifera exhibited significant free radical scavenging activity, ABTS (0.964 ± 0.021 mg TE/g extract) and DPPH (0.822 ± 0.004 mg TE/g extract). It can be concluded that Moringa oleifera extract has strong antioxidant properties than Withania somnifera extract

Hidden Metals in Several Brands of Lipstick and Face Powder Present on Polish Market

Cosmetics still retain their brilliant effect, but public concern about their toxicity has become a hot issue. Trace amounts of toxic heavy metals can be either intentionally added to cosmetics or present as impurities in the raw materials. We therefore assessed the levels of lead, nickel, copper, zinc and iron in six brands of lipstick and six brands of cosmetic powder that are widely available in local Polish markets. The cosmetics were digested and analyzed for the metals using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Lead and nickel were found in some powders, but none in lipstick samples. This study revealed that the levels of these metals were higher than the specifications reported in the literature data. On the other hand, the copper content was determined at the level of 435 mg/kg in one sample of powder and at 75.92 mg/kg in one lipstick. Iron levels ranged from 0 to 12,168.57 mg/kg depending on the brand of powder or lipstick, and were generally higher in powders. Zinc was detected in the range of 1.73–488.31 mg/kg in all 12 samples. The results lead to the conclusion that constant control of metallic content in lipsticks, powders and other facial cosmetics should be seriously considered

Impact of polymorphism on pharmaceutical substances

Polimorfizm jest obecnie ważnym zjawiskiem w dziedzinie farmacji. Istnieje wiele substancji farmaceutycznych wykazujących zjawisko polimorfizmu bądź pseudopolimorfizmu. Wiele farmaceutyków może posiadać różne struktury krystaliczne, co ma istotny wpływ na właściwości postaci leku. W tym celu wykonuje się różnorodne analizy odmian polimorficznych. W oparciu o dane literaturowe przedstawiono przekrojowy opis możliwych struktur krystalicznych, ich właściwości, zależności między strukturą a właściwościami oraz najważniejsze techniki badań odmian polimorficznych różnych leków (m.in. metody rentgenowskiej analizy dyfrakcyjnej, metody spektroskopowe, metody termiczne).Polymorphism phenomenon plays a very important role in the pharmacy. It is well-established that many pharmaceutical solids can exist in several polymorphic or pseudopolymorphic forms. Polymorphs of pharmaceutical substances have crucial influence on drug properties. Therefore, there are various analytical methods characterizing polymorphic crystal forms. Based on literature data authors review the key elements of polymorph characterization: crystal structures, properties, structure property relationships and several-important techniques (X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and IR spectroscopy)

Structural and Spectral Investigation of a Series of Flavanone Derivatives

Four flavanone Schiff bases (E)-1-(2-phenylchroman-4-ylidene)thiosemicarbazide (FTSC) (1), N′,2-bis((E)-2-phenylchroman-4-ylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothiohydrazide (FTCH) (2), (E)-N’-(2-phenylchroman-4-ylidene)benzohydrazide (FHSB) (3) and (E)-N′-(2-phenylchroman-4-ylidene)isonicotinohydrazide (FIN) (4) were synthesized and evaluated for their electronic and physicochemical properties using experimental and theoretical methods. One of them, (2), consists of two flavanone moieties and one substituent, the rest of the compounds (1, 3, 4) comprises of a flavanone-substituent system in relation to 1:1. To uncover the structural and electronic properties of flavanone Schiff bases, computational simulations and absorption spectroscopy were applied. Additionally, binding efficiencies of the studied compounds to serum albumins were evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy. Spectral profiles of flavanone Schiff bases showed differences related to the presence of substituent groups in system B of the Schiff base molecules. Based on the theoretically predicted chemical descriptors, FTSC is the most chemically reactive among the studied compounds. Binding regions within human and bovine serum albumins of the ligands studied are in the vicinity of the Trp residue and a static mechanism dominates in fluorescence quenching