Bisphenol A impairs hepatic glucose sensing in C57BL/6 male mice.

Glucose sensing (eg. glucokinase activity) becomes impaired in the development of type 2 diabetes, the etiology of which is unclear. Estrogen can stimulate glucokinase activity, whereas the pervasive environmental pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) can inhibit estrogen action, hence we aimed to determine the effect of BPA on glucokinase activity directly.To evaluate a potential acute effect on hepatic glucokinase activity, BPA in water (n = 5) vs. water alone (n = 5) was administered at the EPA's purported "safe dose" (50 µg/kg) by gavage to lean 6-month old male C57BL/6 mice. Two hours later, animals were euthanized and hepatic glucokinase activity measured over glucose levels from 1-20 mmol/l in liver homogenate. To determine the effect of chronic BPA exposure on hepatic glucokinase activity, lean 6-month old male C57BL/6 mice were provided with water (n = 15) or water with 1.75 mM BPA (∼50 µg/kg/day; n = 14) for 2 weeks. Following the 2-week exposure, animals were euthanized and glucokinase activity measured as above.Hepatic glucokinase activity was signficantly suppressed after 2 hours in animals given an oral BPA bolus compared to those who received only water (p = 0.002-0.029 at glucose 5-20 mmol/l; overall treatment effect p<0.001). Exposure to BPA over 2 weeks also suppressed hepatic glucokinase activity in exposed vs. unexposed mice (overall treatment effect, p = 0.003). In both experiments, the Hill coefficient was higher and Vmax lower in mice treated with BPA.Both acute and chronic exposure to BPA significantly impair hepatic glucokinase activity and function. These findings identify a potential mechanism for how BPA may increase risk for diabetes

Dietary Fatty Acids Differentially Associate with Fasting Versus 2-Hour Glucose Homeostasis: Implications for The Management of Subtypes of Prediabetes - Fig 4

<p>Bar graph illustrating the β-coefficients for A) FPG (n = 73), % suppression of HPG (n = 71) for the following variables: %kcal from SFA, %kcal from C14:0 (myristic acid), C16:0 (palmitic acid) and C18:0 (stearic acid) and B) 2hPG (n = 73), clamp Rd (n = 71) and NOGD (N = 71) for %kcal from SFA, %kcal from PUFA and %kcal from trans fat The β-Coefficients for BMI and age are shown for comparison. Clamp Rd = glucose rate of disappearance; FPG = Fasting Plasma Glucose; EGP = % suppression of endogenous glucose production; NOGD = Non oxidative glucose disposal; 2hPG = 2-hour plasma glucose; * = p<0.05 ** = p<0.01 *** = p<0.001 **** = p<0.0001</p

Baseline characteristics of study subjects including measures of glucose homeostasis and dietary intake.

<p>Baseline characteristics of study subjects including measures of glucose homeostasis and dietary intake.</p

Inhibition of Src with AZD0530 Reveals the Src-Focal Adhesion Kinase Complex as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Papillary and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer

Context: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src are overexpressed and activated in many cancers and have been associated with tumor progression. The role of the Src-FAK complex has not been characterized in papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancer (PTC and ATC)

Glucokinase (GCK) kinetics in the control and BPA groups after acute and chronic BPA exposure.

<p>Data are means (SEM).</p

Glucokinase specific activity at different glucose concentrations (range 0–20 mmol/l) in mice 2 hours after acute BPA exposure (A; overall treatment effect p<0.001) or after 2 weeks chronic BPA exposure (B; overall treatment effect p = 0.003).

<p>Glucokinase specific activity at different glucose concentrations (range 0–20 mmol/l) in mice 2 hours after acute BPA exposure (A; overall treatment effect p<0.001) or after 2 weeks chronic BPA exposure (B; overall treatment effect p = 0.003).</p