Changes in the proportion of different leukocyte populations in the ileum of pigs fed non-GM (□) or GM (▪) maize for a period of 35 days (Expt. 2).

<p>Mean values±SEM were calculated as a percentage of the total lamina propria and intra-epithelial lymphocyte populations. * Significance at <i>P</i><0.01.</p

Detection of the transgenic Cry1Ab protein in tissue, plasma and gastrointestinal digesta of pigs fed GM and non-GM maize.

1<p>Number of samples that tested positive for the Cry1Ab protein out of 10 samples analyzed. One sample was tested per pig (<i>n</i> = 10 pigs per treatment).</p>2<p>Percentage of samples positive for the Cry1Ab protein taken from GM maize fed pigs i.e. (number of positive samples/number of samples tested) ×100.</p>3<p>BDL = below detectable levels.</p

The effects of feeding GM or non-GM maize for 35 days on weanling pig growth performance (<b>Expt. 2</b>)¹.

<p>ADG: average daily gain, ADFI; average daily feed intake, FCE; feed conversion efficiency = feed intake (g)/body weight (g), BW; body weight.</p>1<p><i>n</i> = 12 pigs in control group and 11 pigs in the GM maize-fed group.</p>2<p>Data analysis was performed using one factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the GLM procedure of SAS.</p

Primers used in PCR reactions for the detection of three target sequences in porcine organ, white blood cell and digesta samples.

1<p>PCR conditions for <i>Sh</i>-F & R included 1 cycle at 94°C for 3 min, 30 cycles of 94°C for 30 s, down to 55°C for 30 s and back up to 72°C for 45 s and 1 cycle of 72°C for 5 min; <i>cry1Ab-</i>F & R; 1 cycle at 94°C for 3 min, 32 cycles of 95°C for 30 s, down to 64°C for 30 s and back up to 72°C for 30 s and 1 cycle of 72°C for 5 min; <i>SW</i>-F & R; 1 cycle at 94°C for 1 min, 30 cycles of 94°C for 30 s, down to 60°C for 30 s and back up to 72°C for 40 s and 1 cycle of 72°C for 3 min.</p

Detection of endogenous maize and porcine genes and transgenic <i>cry1Ab</i> gene in stomach, ileal and cecal digesta and colon samples of pigs fed GM maize versus pigs fed a non-GM maize diet for 31 days (<b>Expt. 1</b>)¹.

1<p>Number of samples that tested positive for the gene of interest out of 10 samples analyzed. One sample was tested per pig (<i>n</i>  = 10 pigs per treatment).</p>2<p>GM treatments; - denotes non-GM maize-fed pigs and + denotes GM maize-fed pigs.</p

Detection of endogenous maize and porcine genes and transgenic <i>cry1Ab</i> gene in tissue and white blood cells of pigs fed GM maize versus pigs fed a non-GM maize diet for 31 days (<b>Expt. 1</b>)¹.

1<p>Number of samples that tested positive for the gene of interest out of 10 samples analyzed. One sample was tested per pig (<i>n</i>  = 10 pigs per treatment).</p>2<p>GM treatments; - denotes non-GM maize-fed pigs and + denotes GM maize-fed pigs.</p

Effect of feeding non-GM maize (♦), GM maize (□) or non-maize feed (▴) to pigs for 31 days on plasma concentration of Cry1Ab specific IgG antibody (Expt. 1).

<p>Cry1Ab specific IgG antibody was not detected in any of the samples assayed.</p

Fate of transgenic DNA from orally administered Bt MON810 maize in pigs.

<p>PCR products from liver samples of 10 pigs (<b>Expt. 1)</b> fed either GM maize (G) or control maize (C), for each of the target gene fragments; (a) <i>cry1Ab</i>, (b) <i>SW</i> (endogenous porcine) and (C) <i>Sh2</i> (endogenous maize). Arrows indicate the expected size of PCR products. Reactions without template DNA (no DNA) and with purified genomic DNA from MON810 maize and isogenic parent line maize were included as controls. A DNA isolation control which did not contain any sample material was also used. M = molecular weight marker.</p

Composition of acclimatization starter diet and experimental diets (as is basis, %)¹².

1<p>Non-GM starter diet fed to pigs (Expt. 1) for 6 days post-weaning.</p>2<p>Experimental GM and non-GM maize diets fed to pigs in Expt. 1 for 31 days and Expt. 2 for 35 days.</p>3<p>Lactofeed 70 contains 70% lactose, 11.5% protein, 0.5% oil, 7.5% ash and 0.5% fibre (Volac, Cambridge, UK).</p>4<p>Immunopro 25 is a whey protein powder product containing 35% protein (Volac, Cambridge, UK).</p>5<p>Premix provided per kg of complete diet: Cu, 155 mg; Fe, 90 mg; Mn, 47 mg; Zn, 120 mg, I, 0.6 mg; Se, 0.3 mg; vitamin A, 6000 IU; vitamin D_3, 1000 IU; vitamin E, 100 IU; vitamin K, 4 mg; vitamin B_12, 15 µg; riboflavin, 2 mg; nicotinic acid, 12 mg; pantothenic acid, 10 mg; choline chloride, 250 mg; vitamin B_1, 2 mg; vitamin B_6, 3 mg; and endox, 60 mg.</p>6<p>Mycosorb is organic mycotoxin absorbent (Allech Inc. Dunboyne, Ireland).</p>7<p>Calculated values.</p

Changes in the proportion of different leukocytes populations in the spleen of pigs fed non-GM (□) or GM (▪) maize for a period of 35 days (Expt. 2).

<p>Mean values±SEM were calculated as a percentage of the total splenocyte population. †Tendency for a significance at <i>P</i><0.10.</p