38,840 research outputs found
Values for rooted-tree and sink-tree digraphs games and sharing a river
We introduce values for rooted-tree and sink-tree digraph games axiomatically and provide their explicit formula representation. These values may be considered as natural extensions of the lower equivalent and upper equivalent solutions for line-graph games studied in Brink, Laan, and Vasil'ev (2007). We study the distribution of Harsanyi dividends. We show that the problem of sharing a river with a delta or with multiple sources among different agents located at different levels along the riverbed can be embedded into the framework of a rooted-tree or sink-tree digraph game correspondingly
The influence of television on vocabulary, concepts and preferences of children in grades one and two.
Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University
N.B.: With which is bound Currie, Jamesena. A study of twenty-five first grade children's preferences for television programs
The prenucleolus for games with communication structures
It is well-known that the prenucleolus on the class of TU games is characterized by singlevaluedness, covariance under strategic equivalence, anonymity, and the reduced game property. We show that the prenucleolus on the class of TU games restricted to the connected coalitions with respect to communication structures may be characterized by the same axioms and a stronger version of independence of non-connected coalitions requiring that the solution does not depend on the worth of any non-connected coalition. Similarly as in the classical case, it turns out that each of the five axioms is logically independent of the remaining axioms and that an infinite universe of potential players is necessary. Moreover, a suitable definition and characterization of a prekernel for games with communication structures is presented
The prenucleolus for games with communication structures
t is well-known that the prenucleolus on the class of TU games is characterized by singlevaluedness, covariance under strategic equivalence, anonymity, and the reduced game property. We show that the prenucleolus on the class of TU games restricted to the connected coalitions with respect to communication structures may be characterized by the same axioms and a stronger version of independence of non-connected coalitions requiring that the solution does not depend on the worth of any non-connected coalition. Similarly as in the classical case, it turns out that each of the five axioms is logically independent of the remaining axioms and that an infinite universe of potential players is necessary. Moreover, a suitable definition and characterization of a prekernel for games with communication structures is presented.TU game; solution concept; communication and conference structure; nucleolus
Rules and risk in the euro area: does rules-based national fiscal governance contain sovereign bond spreads?
The strengthening of national fiscal frameworks, including numerical fiscal rules, has recently been proposed as an important part of the economic governance reform package for the EU. The strength of numerical fiscal rules can be described along the dimensions of their statutory base, the room to revise budgetary objectives, provisions for their monitoring and enforcement, and their media visibility. With a unique data set summarizing the quality of national fiscal rules along these dimensions, we show that stronger fiscal rules in euro area member states reduce sovereign risk. According to our estimates, yield spreads against Germany of countries with relatively weak fiscal rules could be up to 100 basis points lower if they upgraded their numerical fiscal rules. The legal base turns out to be the most important dimension for the perceived effectiveness of the rules. The effectiveness of the correction and enforcement mechanisms turns out to be very important as well, while the role of the bodies in charge of monitoring and enforcing compliance is somewhat smaller. Overall, national fiscal rules are found to be beneficial for market assessments of governments' ability and willingness to timely service debt: they could thus provide an effective way to implement fiscal discipline.
Rules and risk in the euro area
Anna Iara and Guntram Wolff develop a model of sovereign spreads that are determined by the probability of default in interaction with the level of risk aversion. Estimation of the model confirms the central predictions. The legal basis for the rules, and mechanisms for enforcing them, are the most important dimensions of rulesbased fiscal governance.
Flow of emotional messages in artificial social networks
Models of message flows in an artificial group of users communicating via the
Internet are introduced and investigated using numerical simulations. We
assumed that messages possess an emotional character with a positive valence
and that the willingness to send the next affective message to a given person
increases with the number of messages received from this person. As a result,
the weights of links between group members evolve over time. Memory effects are
introduced, taking into account that the preferential selection of message
receivers depends on the communication intensity during the recent period only.
We also model the phenomenon of secondary social sharing when the reception of
an emotional e-mail triggers the distribution of several emotional e-mails to
other people.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, submitted to International Journal of Modern
Physics
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