Significant results for association with schizophrenia.

<p>P-values, allelic frequencies, and Hardy Weinberg equilibrium were obtained using PBAT. Genotyping rate, Mendelian errors, and OR were obtained using PLINK. Abbreviations: HW = Hardy Weinberg equilibrium; allele = minor allele; freq = allele frequency; Gen_rate = genotyping rate, Mend_err = Mendelian errors.</p

The <i>CADM2</i> gene is associated with processing speed performance – evidence among elderly with type 2 diabetes

<p><b>Objectives:</b> Recent large-scale meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from multiple cohorts, demonstrated the association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17518584, with processing speed (measured by the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) or the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST)), at GWAS significance level. This SNP is located within the cell adhesion molecule 2 (<i>CADM2</i>) gene. We aimed to validate this finding in our sample of 944 cognitively normal Jewish elderly individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), a population which is at risk for cognitive decline and dementia.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Using linear regression, we studied the association of rs17518584 with DSST performance, adjusting for demographic, T2D-related characteristics and cardiovascular factors. In secondary analyses, associations with performance in four cognitive domains (episodic memory, language/semantic categorisation, attention/working memory and executive function) and overall cognition were examined.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Controlling for sex, age at cognitive assessment, years of education and ancestry, we found a significant association of rs17518584 with DSST performance (<i>P</i> = 0.013), consistent with the originally reported effect direction. Results remained significant even when the additional covariates (T2D-related and cardiovascular factors) were included in the analysis (<i>P</i> = 0.034). Moreover, this SNP was significantly associated with performance in the cognitive domains of language/semantic categorisation and executive function, as well as overall cognition.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Taken together, irrespective of T2D-related characteristics and cardiovascular factors, our findings provide independent support for the association of <i>CADM2</i> SNP rs17518584 with processing speed (and demonstrate association with additional cognitive phenotypes), among cognitively normal elderly individuals with T2D.</p

Summary of positive association findings near the <i>TCF7L2</i> gene (10q25.2-q25.3).

<p>Summary of positive association findings near the <i>TCF7L2</i> gene (10q25.2-q25.3).</p

The 10q24-26 region.

<p>(a) Graphical representation of the linkage region including the genes within it. The map of the linkage region was adapted from UCSC Genome Browser (<a href="http://genome.ucsc.edu/" target="_blank">http://genome.ucsc.edu/</a>) (Mar. 2006 (NCBI36/hg18) assembly) (b) -log10(p-values) of all the SNPs analyzed in the 10q24-26 region, employing the dominant model and according to the position of the SNPs on the chromosome.</p

Additional file 5: Table S7. of The human olfactory transcriptome

Expression profile of the OR repertoire. (XLSX 161 kb

Additional file 7: Table S9. of The human olfactory transcriptome

Genes that are discussed in the text. (XLSX 37 kb

Sciaphila japonica Makino

原著和名: ホンガウサウ科名: ホンゴウソウ科 = Triuridaceae採集地: 高知県 土佐清水市 (土佐 土佐清水市)採集日: 1978/8/19採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH009346国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-95934

Additional file 2: Table S2. of The human olfactory transcriptome

Whole genome expression of the studied samples (in FPKM). FC_OE, the fold change of the human olfactory epithelium relative to the controls; FC_resp, the fold change of the human respiratory epithelium relative to the controls; FC_MOE, the fold change of mouse olfactory epithelium relative to the controls, FC_MOB, the fold change of mouse olfactory bulb relative to the controls. NoOrth- no mouse ortholog. OSN- olfactory sensory neurons in RPM (reads per million). (XLSX 22311 kb

Additional file 4: Table S6. of The human olfactory transcriptome

Expression of the lipocalin family members. Mouse was calculated relative to Mouse ENCODE data ( http://chromosome.sdsc.edu/mouse/download.html ), see methods. (XLSX 14 kb

Image_1_Alzheimer’s Disease Polygenic Risk Score Is Not Associated With Cognitive Decline Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.pdf

ObjectivesMultiple risk loci for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) have been identified. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated the association of polygenic risk score (PRS) for LOAD with overall cognitive functioning and longitudinal decline, among older adults with T2D.MethodsThe study included 1046 Jewish participants from the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study, aged ≥ 65 years, diagnosed with T2D, and cognitively normal at baseline. The PRS included variants from 26 LOAD associated loci (at genome-wide significance level), and was calculated with and without APOE. Outcome measures, assessed in 18 months intervals, were global cognition and the specific domains of episodic memory, attention/working memory, executive functions, and language/semantic categorization. Random coefficient models were used for analysis, adjusting for demographic variables, T2D-related characteristics, and cardiovascular factors. Additionally, in a subsample of 202 individuals, we analyzed the association of PRS with the volumes of total gray matter, frontal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, and white matter hyperintensities. Last, the association of PRS with amyloid beta (Aβ) burden was examined in 44 participants who underwent an 18F-flutemetamol PET scan.ResultsThe PRS was not significantly associated with overall functioning or decline in global cognition or any of the specific cognitive domains. Similarly, following correction for multiple testing, there was no association with Aβ burden and other brain imaging phenotypes.ConclusionOur results suggest that the cumulative effect of LOAD susceptibility loci is not associated with a greater rate of cognitive decline in older adults with T2D, and other pathways may underlie this link.</p