Light-Controlled Morphologies of Self-Assembled Triarylamine–Fullerene Conjugates

A family of triarylamine–fullerene conjugates has been synthesized and shown to self-assemble upon light stimulation in chlorinated solvents. This light-induced process primarily involves excitation of triarylamine derivatives, which then oxidize and stack with their neutral counterparts to form charge transfer complexes in the form of p-conducting channels, while fullerenes are consequently enforced in coaxial n-conducting columnar arrangements. These supramolecular heterojunctions can be organized over very long distances in micrometric fibers when a controlled amount of photons is provided from a white light source to initiate the process. Surprisingly, when sunlight or UV light is used instead, the nanostructuration leads to monodisperse spherical objects due to the nature of the nucleation–growth process involved in the stacks formation. This control over the supramolecular morphology of organic self-assemblies using the nature of light is of general interest for the design of functional responsive materials