EXERCISE ON PRESCRIPTION AUDIT : A TOOL FOR PHARMACOLOGY PRACTICAL LESSON

To improve the understanding and perception about rational prescribing among the Undergraduate (UG) students, a record based study 'exercise on prescription audit' was undertaken as self-directed learning strategy. Study was conducted on Objectively Structured Evaluation of pharmacotherapy taking one year record of prescriptions in Bed Head Tickets (BHTs) of discharged Ophthalmic in-patients. Standard format for prescription writing, WHO guide to Good prescribing and Essential Medicines were followed to assess the in-patient prescriptions. Students improved markedly (p< 0.001) in audit of real prescriptions. Results revealed that 37 types of drugs were prescribed over 948 BHTs. Completeness of the prescription showed 100% perfection in maximum indicators with exception in judicious investigations (99.89%), medication information (89.32%) and relevant advices for patient (97.12%). Subsidiary or symptomatic drugs (56.76%) were prescribed more than the core drugs (43.24% of total drugs prescribed). Generic prescription was 54.05%. Study in turn improved the understanding and perception about rational prescribing among the students. The students gained knowledge about the utilization of different types of dosage forms of drugs. Prescription audit as self-directed learning must be a tool for practical lesson of Pharmacology for UG-course as well as for PG-curriculum

Pre-clinical risk assessment and therapeutic potential of antitumor lipopeptide ‘Iturin A’ in an in vivo and in vitro model

Lipopeptides are versatile bio-active weapons having antifungal, antibacterial, antimycoplasma and anticancer properties. In this study, the therapeutic potential and safety assessment of a lipopeptide molecule ‘Iturin A’ were evaluated. Iturin A was found to inhibit in vivo tumor growth in a sarcoma 180 mouse xenograft model. The antitumor efficacy of Iturin A was correlated with increased DNA fragmentation and modulation of CD-31, Ki-67, P-Akt, P-MAPK, apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. Further, safety assessment was carried out in Sprague Dawley rats by 28 days repeated dose (28 days) toxicity and a bio-distribution study. In the toxicity study, Iturin A (10, 20 and 50 mg per kg per day) was administered to the animals for 28 days. Another group was kept for another 14 days without drug exposure after 28 days of treatment to access the reversibility of the toxicity. At the end of the treatment, body weight, food and water intake, organ weight, motility, hematology, serum biochemistry and histopathology of the major organs were evaluated. The bio-distribution of Iturin A was also performed in plasma as well as in different major organs by a well-developed and validated administration of Iturin A radiolabeled with 99mTc. The in vitro cytotoxic effect of Iturin A was also evaluated in BRL-3A rat liver cells. In the treated groups, various toxicities were found in the liver and spleen. However, these adverse effects were transient and reversible after discontinuation of Iturin A treatment. In conclusion, this pre-clinical study offered a preliminary investigation regarding the efficacy and safety assessment of Iturin A

Imipramine Is an Orally Active Drug against Both Antimony Sensitive and Resistant Leishmania donovani Clinical Isolates in Experimental Infection

Background: In an endeavor to find an orally active and affordable antileishmanial drug, we tested the efficacy of a cationic amphiphilic drug, imipramine, commonly used for the treatment of depression in humans. The only available orally active antileishmanial drug is miltefosine with long half life and teratogenic potential limits patient compliance. Thus there is a genuine need for an orally active antileishmanial drug. Previously it was shown that imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant alters the protonmotive force in promastigotes, but its in vivo efficacy was not reported. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we show that the drug is highly active against antimony sensitive and resistant Leishmania donovani in both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes and in LD infected hamster model. The drug wasfound to decrease the mitochondrial transmembrane potential of Leishmania donovani (LD) promastigotes and purified amastigotes after 8 h of treatment, whereas miltefosine effected only a marginal change even after 24 h. The drug restores defective antigen presenting ability of the parasitized macrophages. The status of the host protective factors TNF a, IFN c and iNOS activity increased with the concomitant decrease in IL 10 and TGF b level in imipramine treated infected hamsters and evolution of matured sterile hepatic granuloma. The 10-day therapeutic window as a monotherapy, showing about 90% clearance of organ parasites in infected hamsters regardless of their SSG sensitivity. Conclusions: This study showed that imipramine possibly qualifies for a new use of an old drug and can be used as an effective orally active drug for the treatment of Kala-azar

Alte Erinnerungen an das Elsass

Numérisé par le partenaireAppartient à l’ensemble documentaire : BNUStr001Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : BNUStras1Numérisé par le partenair

A 1 V supercapacitor device with nanostructured graphene oxide/polyaniline composite materials

Polyaniline and graphene oxide composite on activated carbon cum reduced graphene oxide-supported supercapacitor electrodes are fabricated and electrochemically characterized in a three-electrode cell assembly. Attractive supercapacitor performance, namely high-power capability and cycling stability for graphene oxide/polyaniline composite, is observed owing to the layered and porous-polymeric-structured electrodes. Based on the materials characterization data in a three-electrode cell assembly, 1 V supercapacitor devices are developed and performance tested. A comparative study has also been conducted for polyaniline and graphene oxide/polyaniline composite-based 1 V supercapacitors for comprehending the synergic effect of graphene oxide and polyaniline. Graphene oxide/polyaniline composite-based capacitor that exhibits about 100 F g(-1) specific capacitance with faradaic efficiency in excess of 90% has its energy and power density values of 14 Wh kg(-1) and 72 kW kg(-1), respectively. Cycle-life data for over 1000 cycles reflect 10% capacitance degradation for graphene oxide/polyaniline composite supercapacitor

Clinical characteristics and management of patients with fat embolism syndrome in level I Apex Trauma Centre

Purpose: Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is systemic manifestation of fat emboli in the circulation seen mostly after long bone fractures. FES is considered a lethal complication of trauma. There are various case reports and series describing FES. Here we describe the clinical characteristics, management in ICU and outcome of these patients in level I trauma center in a span of 6 months. Methods: In this prospective study, analysis of all the patients with FES admitted in our polytrauma intensive care unit (ICU) of level I trauma center over a period of 6 months (from August 2017 to January 2018) was done. Demographic data, clinical features, management in ICU and outcome were analyzed. Results: We admitted 10 cases of FES. The mean age of patients was 31.2 years. The mean duration from time of injury to onset of symptoms was 56 h. All patients presented with hypoxemia and petechiae but central nervous system symptoms were present in 70% of patients. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 11.7 days and the mean length of ICU stay was 14.7 days. There was excellent recovery among patients with no neurological deficit. Conclusion: FES is considered a lethal complication of trauma but timely management can result in favorable outcome. FES can occur even after fixation of the fracture. Hypoxia is the most common and earliest feature of FES followed by CNS manifestations. Any patient presenting with such symptoms should raise the suspicion of FES and mandate early ICU referral. Keywords: Fat embolism, Trauma centers, Intensive care units, Patient outcome assessmen

Hemisoleus muscle flap for middle one third leg defect- An Institutional Experience

Introduction: Road traffic accidents [RTA] are very common worldwide. In RTA lower limb trauma are very common. In emergency room compound fractures of leg are managed with slab, dressing, fluid resuscitation with assessment of distal vascularity.then finally skeletal stabilisation and soft tissue reconstruction. Purpose: The aim of this study to reconstruct the middle 1/3 leg defects with exposed bone , using hemisoleus muscle flap. Method: Twelve patients with defect in the middle 1/3 of leg are included in our study. We did hemisoleus muscle flap with split thickness skin grafting [STSG] in each patient. These procedures performed between Year 2014 to 2016 in national institute of medical science, Jaipur. India Result: All the patients having middle 1/3 leg defect because of trauma. We planned medial hemisoleus muscle flap to cover the exposed bone. No necrosis of any flap with complete taken up of STSG. All patient has gone for secondary orthopaedic procedure without any flap complications. Conclusion: Hemisoleus muscle flap is very authentic &amp; reliable flap with rich vascularity to control the infection also in middle 1/3 leg defects. Keywords: RTA,Necrosi

Additional file 4: Figure S2. of Conservation of polypyrimidine tract binding proteins and their putative target RNAs in several storage root crops

Catalog and alignments of PTB1/6 types in five root crops species. (PDF 828 kb