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Hierarchically Nanostructured Polyisobutylene-Based Ionic Liquids
A new type of highly temperature stable ionic liquid
(IL) with
strongly temperature dependent nanostructures is reported. The molecular
design relies on the use of a liquid polymer with an ionic liquid
headgroup, introducing liquid properties by both the polymeric and
the ionic liquid (IL) headgroup. The IL polymers (polyÂ(isobutylene)Âs) <b>3a</b>–<b>3c</b> (PIB-ILs) were prepared by a combination
of living carbocationic polymerization (LCCP) and subsequent “click”
chemistry for attachment of methylimidazolium (<b>3a</b>), pyrrolidinium
(<b>3b</b>), and triethylammonium cations (<b>3c</b>).
All three investigated PIB-ILs exhibited pronounced nanostructural
organization at room temperature depending strongly on the nature
of the anchored cation. Whereas the morphology of the imidazolium-based
PIB-IL <b>3a</b> shows high thermal stability up to the decomposition
temperature, order–order (OOT) and lattice disorder–order
transitions (LDOT) characteristic for common ionomers could be observed
in the case of pyrrolidinium <b>3b</b> and ammonium-based <b>3c</b> PIB-ILs. Control of flow behavior as well as adjustable
relaxation times from the liquid to the viscoelastic regime can be
adjusted by choice of the appropriate IL headgroup