Body volume and %body fat from 3D photonic body surface scans (3DPS) and air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and measurement differences between both methods.

<p>Body volume and %body fat from 3D photonic body surface scans (3DPS) and air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and measurement differences between both methods.</p

%Body fat measurement differences between 3D photonic body surface standard scan and air-displacement plethysmography (N = 31).

<p>(a) %Body fat estimated from 3DPS and ADP plotted on the regression line. Dashed line: line of identity (y = 1*x + 0). (b) Differences in %body fat measurements from 3DPS and ADP plotted against their mean. Solid line: mean measurement difference (3DPS–ADP), dashed lines: limits of agreement.</p

Linear regression models for the prediction of air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) measured body volume and %body fat on basis of 3D photonic body surface (3DPS) standard scan.

<p>Linear regression models for the prediction of air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) measured body volume and %body fat on basis of 3D photonic body surface (3DPS) standard scan.</p

Body volume measurement agreement between 3D photonic body surface standard scan and air-displacement plethysmography (N = 32).

<p>(a) Body volume measured by 3DPS and ADP plotted on the regression line. Dashed line: line of identity (y = 1*x + 0). (b) Differences in body volume measurements from 3DPS and ADP plotted against their mean. Solid line: mean measurement difference (3DPS–ADP), dashed lines: limits of agreement.</p

Systemic responses to oral glucose load.

<p>Serum (A) glucose, (B) insulin, and (C) free fatty acids (FFA) in MS patients (n = 16) and in control subjects (n = 16) before and after an oral glucose load. Data are given as means ± SEM. (Conversion factors to convert to Metric Units (mg/dL) are as follows: 18.02 for glucose, 0.028 for FFA).</p

Study design.

<p>PAL, physical activity level; BMI, body mass index.</p

Demographic and anthropomorphic characteristics of MS patients and control subjects^a.

a<p>Data are given as means ± SD (total range) unless stated otherwise. BMI denotes body mass index, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, PAL physical activity level, EDSS extended disability status scale, and n/a not applicable.</p>b<p>Median (total range).</p

Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle microdialysis.

<p>(A, B) Ethanol ratio and dialysate concentrations of (C, D) glucose, (E, F) lactate, and (G, H) glycerol in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in MS patients (adipose, n = 15; muscle, n = 16) and in control subjects (n = 16) before and after an oral glucose load. Data are given as means ± SEM. <i>P</i> values in graphs indicate group differences; group*time interaction effects were significant in adipose for lactate (<i>P</i> = 0.0225) and glycerol (<i>P</i> = 0.0001), all by Brunner analysis.</p

Characteristics of the validation sample and the reliability sample.

<p>Characteristics of the validation sample and the reliability sample.</p

Systemic energy metabolism measured by indirect calorimetry (canopy device).

<p>(A) Energy expenditure (EE, relative changes), (B) respiratory quotient (RQ), (C) carbohydrate oxidation (COX) and (D) lipid oxidation (LOX) in MS patients (n = 16) and control subjects (n = 14) before and after an oral glucose load. The elevated RQ value in MS patients indicates increased carbohydrate oxidation. Data are given as means ± SEM. Group difference <i>P</i> value in graph, group*time interaction effects for RQ <i>P</i> = 0.0008, COX <i>P</i> = 0.0016, LOX <i>P</i> = 0.0009, all by Brunner analysis.</p