Effects of heroin on brain perfusion in contrast to placebo.

<p>BA: Brodmann area; L: left; P: perfusion; R: right; WM: white matter;</p>*<p>: p≤0.05;</p>***<p>: p≤0.001.</p><p>Each coordinate triple is a peak area of contrast intensity in one of the two significant clusters and refers to a specific area defined in the atlas of Talairach & Tournoux (1988).</p

Regional perfusion values of significant clusters.

<p>ACC: Anterior cingulate cortex; CI: Confidence interval; MPFC: Medial prefrontal cortex.</p

Psychological effects of heroin.

<p>HCQ: Heroin Craving Questionnaire; SaO₂: Blood oxygen saturation; SD: Standard deviation; VAS: Visual Analogue Scale;</p>*<p>: p<0.05.</p

Physiological parameters after heroin and placebo administration.

<p>BP: Blood pressure; **: p<0.01.</p

Altered regional perfusion in heroin in comparison to placebo condition.

<p>A) Relative hypo- (blue) and hyperperfusion (red) in heroin condition projected on an inflated brain (threshold: p<0.05). Hyperperfusion was not significant. B) Significant hypoperfusion (blue) in heroin condition (threshold: p<0.01; FEW corrected p<0.05). The z coordinate shows the position of each slice in reference to the Talairach atlas (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0071461#pone-0071461-t003" target="_blank">Table 3</a>). The medial prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the insular cortex are shown in different colors, in order to clarify the spatial relationship to the significant clusters.</p