7 research outputs found
KOGNITIVNE DIMENZIJE ZNAÄENJA
Prvi uredniÄki zbornik ZagrebaÄke slavistiÄke Å”kole posveÄen jeziÄnim pitanjima Dimenzije znaÄenja (ur. Branimir Belaj) obuhvaÄa trinaest znanstvenih radova i jedan prikaz knjige. Radovi obuhvaÄaju Å”irok raspon tema, a objedinjuje ih zajedniÄka znaÄajka ā kognitivnolingvistiÄki pristup temama
Engleski glagoli koji izriÄu put: Poredbeno-kontrastivna englesko-hrvatska analiza
Departing from Talmyās (2001b: 52) list comprising 20 English path verbs, we explore the semantic and syntactic properties of these verbs, focusing on their (im)possibility to select a prepositional phrase. Of particular interest in this respect are those combinations in which the (elements of) Path encoded in the PP share central semantic components with the (elements of) Path encoded in the verb (e.g. enter into). Furthermore, we explore the verbs, i.e. their various sentential realizations (taken from the corpus) from the crosslinguistic perspective, looking at the way the motional structures are realized in Croatian. We also compare and contrast the semantico-syntactic properties of the English translational equivalents for each Croatian structure under scrutiny. Interestingly, we notice that a subcategorization of English path verbs is possible on the basis of whether, in Croatian, they are rendered by a prefixed verb followed by a prepositional phrase where the form of the prefix and preposition is repetitive (e.g. uÄi u), or not. In conclusion, we try to systematize the crosslinguistic picture pertaining to semantico-syntactic properties of path verbs, identifying four levels of crosslingusitic systematicity (with what we call āthe Source ā Goal axisā being the most coherent i.e. systematic one).PolazeÄi od Talmyjevoga (2001b: 52) popisa koji sadrži 20 engleskih glagola koji izriÄu put, u ovome radu istražujemo semantiÄka i sintaktiÄka svojstva tih glagola fokusirajuÄi se na to mogu li ili ne uzeti prijedložnu frazu. U ovome su smislu od osobitoga interesa one kombinacije u kojima (elementi) Puta kodirani u prijedložnoj frazi dijele srediÅ”nje semantiÄke komponente s (elementima) Puta kodiranima u glagolu (npr. enter into). Nadalje, glagole, odnosno njihova razliÄita semantiÄka ostvarenja, istražujemo iz meÄujeziÄne perspektive promatrajuÄi sintaktiÄke realizacije struktura koje izriÄu kretanje u hrvatskome. TakoÄer, usporeÄujemo i kontrastiramo semantiÄko-sintaktiÄka svojstva svih hrvatskih prijevoda ciljanih engleskih struktura. Zanimljivo je da je moguÄe provesti kategorizaciju engleskih glagola koji izriÄu Put temeljem toga mogu li se na hrvatski prevesti prefigiranim glagolom nakon kojega slijedi prijedložna fraza u kojoj su oblik prefiksa i oprijedloga isti (npr. uÄi u), ili ne. U zakljuÄku nudimo sistematizaciju meÄujeziÄne slike glagola koji izriÄu Put i identificiramo Äetiri razine meÄujeziÄne sistematiÄnosti (s time da je ona koju nazivamo āIshodiÅ”no-Ciljna Osā najkoherentnija, odnosno, najsistematiÄnija)
Engleski glagoli koji izriÄu put: Poredbeno-kontrastivna englesko-hrvatska analiza
Departing from Talmyās (2001b: 52) list comprising 20 English path verbs, we explore the semantic and syntactic properties of these verbs, focusing on their (im)possibility to select a prepositional phrase. Of particular interest in this respect are those combinations in which the (elements of) Path encoded in the PP share central semantic components with the (elements of) Path encoded in the verb (e.g. enter into). Furthermore, we explore the verbs, i.e. their various sentential realizations (taken from the corpus) from the crosslinguistic perspective, looking at the way the motional structures are realized in Croatian. We also compare and contrast the semantico-syntactic properties of the English translational equivalents for each Croatian structure under scrutiny. Interestingly, we notice that a subcategorization of English path verbs is possible on the basis of whether, in Croatian, they are rendered by a prefixed verb followed by a prepositional phrase where the form of the prefix and preposition is repetitive (e.g. uÄi u), or not. In conclusion, we try to systematize the crosslinguistic picture pertaining to semantico-syntactic properties of path verbs, identifying four levels of crosslingusitic systematicity (with what we call āthe Source ā Goal axisā being the most coherent i.e. systematic one).PolazeÄi od Talmyjevoga (2001b: 52) popisa koji sadrži 20 engleskih glagola koji izriÄu put, u ovome radu istražujemo semantiÄka i sintaktiÄka svojstva tih glagola fokusirajuÄi se na to mogu li ili ne uzeti prijedložnu frazu. U ovome su smislu od osobitoga interesa one kombinacije u kojima (elementi) Puta kodirani u prijedložnoj frazi dijele srediÅ”nje semantiÄke komponente s (elementima) Puta kodiranima u glagolu (npr. enter into). Nadalje, glagole, odnosno njihova razliÄita semantiÄka ostvarenja, istražujemo iz meÄujeziÄne perspektive promatrajuÄi sintaktiÄke realizacije struktura koje izriÄu kretanje u hrvatskome. TakoÄer, usporeÄujemo i kontrastiramo semantiÄko-sintaktiÄka svojstva svih hrvatskih prijevoda ciljanih engleskih struktura. Zanimljivo je da je moguÄe provesti kategorizaciju engleskih glagola koji izriÄu Put temeljem toga mogu li se na hrvatski prevesti prefigiranim glagolom nakon kojega slijedi prijedložna fraza u kojoj su oblik prefiksa i oprijedloga isti (npr. uÄi u), ili ne. U zakljuÄku nudimo sistematizaciju meÄujeziÄne slike glagola koji izriÄu Put i identificiramo Äetiri razine meÄujeziÄne sistematiÄnosti (s time da je ona koju nazivamo āIshodiÅ”no-Ciljna Osā najkoherentnija, odnosno, najsistematiÄnija)
Pragmatika pridjeva u akademskome diskursu: od kvalifikacije do intenzifikacije
Certain communicative and linguistic conventions, that, on the one hand, have been established for the academic discourse type in general, and on the other, for this discourse type in a particular language, are noticeable in academic discourse. Objectivity, which is one of the most prominent features of academic discourse, can be achieved by using various strategies. Such strategies are described in terms of preferred and less preferred/non-preferred means of expression. As a result, the author of a scientific text is constantly faced with the challenge posed by, on the one hand, the (rhetorical) need to persuade the readers/academic community to accept his positions, opinions, methods, results and conclusions, and on the other, the demand for objectivity. One procedure for increasing the level of objectivity that is frequently advised involves a decrease in the use of evaluative adjectives and their modifiers because they directly intensify the claims. A claim made in a scientific text should obtain its āstrengthā or āweightā in an implicit manner from the results of research and scientific evidence, and not from explicit expressions such as evaluative adjectives (e. g.: velika važnost toga istraživanja (āthe great significance of that researchā), dalo je iznimne rezultate (āhas yielded exceptional resultsā)) and their modifiers (e. g.: ono Å”to je nama ovdje posebno zanimljivo (āwhat is especially significant for us hereā), posebno neravnopravni (āespecially unequalā), posebice je to važno (āthis is particularly significantā), takvi su prozni poslaniÄki tekstovi vrlo važni za oblikovanje (āsuch epistolary texts are very importantā), imao je iznimno dobru recepciju (āwas extremely well receivedā), veÄina prije zavrÅ”enih skulptura izrazito je statiÄna (āthe majority of sculptures finished earlier are extremely staticā), povezuje ih izrazito samosvojno intelektualno polaziÅ”te (āare connected by an extremely individual intellectual starting pointā). In order to explore the use of evaluative adjectives and their modifiers in scientific texts, the paper focuses on the analysis of texts from different scientific domains ā those of linguistics and medicine. We compare texts in Croatian and English with the aim of proving or disproving the assumption that these two languages employ different strategies. The rules for writing scientific texts in English prescribe, among other things, an extremely limited use of qualifying expressions in general, and this includes evaluative adjectives. The comparison of the frequency of use of evaluative adjectives and of the nature of adjectives that appear in scientific texts in Croatian and English allows us to gain insight into the practices characteristic of these two languages. Our results indicate, that contrary to our expectations, the analysed scientific texts in English contain a greater number of evaluative adjectives than the Croatian ones and that, in general, these texts exhibit a greater diversity with respect to the evaluative adjectives used when compared to the analysed scientific texts in Croatian.U akademskome diskursu zamjetne su odreÄene komunikacijske i jeziÄne konvencije koje su utvrÄene, s jedne strane, za taj diskursni tip uopÄe, a s druge strane, za taj diskursni tip u okviru pojedinoga jezika. MeÄu spomenutim konvencijama jedna je od najnaglaÅ”enijih ona koja akademskome diskursu postavlja kao cilj objektivnost izraza. U postizanju toga cilja mogu se primijeniti razliÄite strategije, a opisuju se u obliku poželjnih naÄina izražavanja (koji pridonose objektivnosti) i onih manje poželjnih/nepoželjnih (koji odmažu postizanju objektivnosti). Autor se znanstvenoga teksta tako neprestano nalazi pred izazovom koji pred njega stavlja, s jedne strane, (retoriÄka) potreba za uvjeravanjem Äitatelja/akademske zajednice u njegove stavove, miÅ”ljenje, metode, rezultate istraživanja i zakljuÄke, a s druge zahtjev za objektivnoÅ”Äu izraza kao bitnoga obilježja diskursnoga tipa kojem njegov tekst treba pripadati. MeÄu zahvatima u tekstu pomoÄu kojih Äe se poveÄati stupanj objektivnosti izražavanja nerijetko se savjetuje smanjivanje uporabe evaluativnih pridjeva i njihovih modifikatora jer oni izravno utjeÄu na izrazno pojaÄavanje tvrdnje. Naime, ājaÄinuā ili ātežinuā tvrdnji u znanstvenome tekstu trebaju implicitno davati rezultati istraživanja i znanstveni dokazi, a ne eksplicitni izrazi poput onih koji sadrže upravo evaluativne pridjeve (naprimjer: velika važnost toga istraživanja, dalo je iznimne rezultate) ili i njihove modifikatore (naprimjer: ono Å”to je nama ovdje posebno zanimljivo, posebno neravnopravni, posebice je to važno, takvi su prozni poslaniÄki tekstovi vrlo važni za oblikovanje, imao je iznimno dobru recepciju, veÄina prije zavrÅ”enih skulptura izrazito je statiÄna, povezuje ih izrazito samosvojno intelektualno polaziÅ”te). Kako bi se istražila uporaba evaluativnih pridjeva i njihovih modifikatora u znanstvenim tekstovima, u radu se analiziraju tekstovi iz razliÄitih znanstvenih podruÄja. UsporeÄuju se pritom tekstovi na hrvatskome i na engleskome jeziku kako bi se potvrdila ili opovrgnula pretpostavka o razliÄitim praksama u tim dvama jezicima. Naime pravila o pisanju znanstvenih radova na engleskome jeziku propisuju, izmeÄu ostaloga, iznimno ograniÄenu uporabu evaluativnih izraza opÄenito, pa tako i evaluativnih pridjeva. Usporedba uÄestalosti uporabe evaluativnih pridjeva te prirode pridjeva koji se javljaju u znanstvenim radovima na hrvatskome jeziku s onima na engleskome jeziku daje uvid u razliÄitosti dviju praksa. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja pokazuju da, suprotno naÅ”im oÄekivanjima, analizirani znanstveni tekstovi na engleskome jeziku sadrže veÄi broj evaluativnih pridjeva negoli istovrsni tekstovi na hrvatskom te da je, opÄenito, inventar takvih pridjeva u tekstovima na engleskom raznovrsniji
Pragmatics of adjectives in academic discourse: from qualification to intensification
Certain communicative and linguistic conventions, that, on the one hand, have been established for the academic discourse type in general, and on the other, for this discourse type in a particular language, are noticeable in academic discourse. Objectivity, which is one of the most prominent features of academic discourse, can be achieved by using various strategies. Such strategies are described in terms of preferred and less preferred/non-preferred means of expression. As a result, the author of a scientific text is constantly faced with the challenge posed by, on the one hand, the (rhetorical) need to persuade the readers/academic community to accept his positions, opinions, methods, results and conclusions, and on the other, the demand for objectivity. One procedure for increasing the level of objectivity that is frequently advised involves a decrease in the use of evaluative adjectives and their modifiers because they directly intensify the claims. A claim made in a scientific text should obtain its āstrengthā or āweightā in an implicit manner from the results of research and scientific evidence, and not from explicit expressions such as evaluative adjectives (e. g.: velika važnost toga istraživanja (āthe great significance of that researchā), dalo je iznimne rezultate (āhas yielded exceptional resultsā)) and their modifiers (e. g.: ono Å”to je nama ovdje posebno zanimljivo (āwhat is especially significant for us hereā), posebno neravnopravni (āespecially unequalā), posebice je to važno (āthis is particularly significantā), takvi su prozni poslaniÄki tekstovi vrlo važni za oblikovanje (āsuch epistolary texts are very importantā), imao je iznimno dobru recepciju (āwas extremely well receivedā), veÄina prije zavrÅ”enih skulptura izrazito je statiÄna (āthe majority of sculptures finished earlier are extremely staticā), povezuje ih izrazito samosvojno intelektualno polaziÅ”te (āare connected by an extremely individual intellectual starting pointā). In order to explore the use of evaluative adjectives and their modifiers in scientific texts, the paper focuses on the analysis of texts from different scientific domains ā those of linguistics and medicine. We compare texts in Croatian and English with the aim of proving or disproving the assumption that these two languages employ different strategies. The rules for writing scientific texts in English prescribe, among other things, an extremely limited use of qualifying expressions in general, and this includes evaluative adjectives. The comparison of the frequency of use of evaluative adjectives and of the nature of adjectives that appear in scientific texts in Croatian and English allows us to gain insight into the practices characteristic of these two languages. Our results indicate, that contrary to our expectations, the analysed scientific texts in English contain a greater number of evaluative adjectives than the Croatian ones and that, in general, these texts exhibit a greater diversity with respect to the evaluative adjectives used when compared to the analysed scientific texts in Croatian
Kretanje od ā do u hrvatskome. Analiza polaziÅ”ta, ciljeva i dvojnih Äitanja dativa
This paper focuses on the Croatian P-elements od āfromā and do āup toā, which productively appear as both verbal prefixes (yielding either source- or goal-oriented motion verbs) and prepositions; in motion contexts these lexicalize TO (i.e., goals) or FROM (i.e., source paths). Furthermore, the pair allows for a very interesting alternation: a prefixed od-/do- motion verb is frequently followed by an od or do prepositional phrase. The resulting possible combinato-rial patterns are interesting with respect to their semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic properties. A careful look at the various possibilities opens the way for analysis of what seems to be a previously undescribed property of the Croatian spatial prepositionless dative: a possible dual reading, generally of the adlative/ablative type.Ovaj rad istražuje hrvatske āP-elementeā od i do koji su vrlo Äesti i kao prefiksi (tvoreÄi glagole kretanja koji kodiraju polaziÅ”te ili cilj) i kao prijedlozi. U kontekstima koji opisuju kretanje leksikaliziraju OD (polaziÅ”te) ili DO (cilj). Nadalje, ovaj par dopuÅ”ta vrlo zanimljivu alternaciju: prefigirani od-/do- glagoli kretanja Äesto su popraÄeni prijedložnim frazama koje zapoÄinju s od ili do. RezultirajuÄe moguÄe strukture zanimljive su s obzirom na semantiÄka, sintaktiÄka i pragmatiÄka svojstva. Pažljivo prouÄavanje raznih moguÄnosti otvara put analizi onoga Å”to je prethodno neopisano svojstvo hrvatskoga prostornog dativa bez prijedloga ā mo-guÄe dvojno Äitanje, uglavnom adlativno/ablativnoga tipa