IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORKS: EVALUATING BEST PRACTICES AND METHODOLOGIES FOR SUCCESSFUL IT PROJECT MANAGEMENT

This study provides a systematic review of IT project management frameworks, examining the effectiveness, adaptability, and risk management strategies of methodologies such as Agile, Waterfall, PRINCE2, Scrum, and hybrid approaches. A total of 133 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed to gain insights into how these frameworks are being applied across various industries and project environments. The findings reveal that hybrid models, which combine the structured governance of traditional methodologies like Waterfall with the iterative flexibility of Agile, are becoming increasingly popular, especially in industries requiring both regulatory compliance and adaptability to changing requirements. Agile frameworks were shown to significantly improve project delivery speed, stakeholder satisfaction, and risk mitigation through continuous iterations and feedback loops, while traditional methodologies like Waterfall remain essential in sectors with strict documentation and control requirements. The review also highlights the critical role of risk management across all frameworks, with hybrid models offering the most comprehensive approach by integrating early-stage planning with ongoing risk assessment. Despite the success of these frameworks in IT-related industries, a notable gap was identified in their application to non-IT sectors, suggesting a need for further research to explore their broader applicability. This review underscores the continued relevance of traditional, Agile, and hybrid project management frameworks, while also pointing to future opportunities for expanding their use beyond IT

Cationic heats of transport in potassium chloride and sodium chloride single crystals.

Flows of heat through a hot solid entrain flows of material. These flow rates of matter and heat in a solid are related by a term called 'heat of transport'. In the experiments described, independent measurements of heats of transport and thermoelectric powers have been made in two strongly ionic solids - potassium chloride and sodium chloride single crystals in Pt/salt/Pt cells. Measurements of electrical resistance in these materials have been made both at equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. The changes in resistance due to application of thermal and electric field forces have been used as indicators of deviations of equilibrium vacancy concentrations. The heat of transport which is related to the flow of vacancies can then be calculated from resistance change. The values of cationic heats of transport for pure potassium chloride and -4 sodium chloride crystals are found to be (0.37+4.74x10-4xT]) eV and (0.52+2.87x10-4xT) eV respectively. The measurement of heat of transport from considerations of vacancy concentrations is quite distinct. from the traditional approach which attempts to evaluate it from the thermoelectric power. Measured heat of transport can then be used to evaluate homogeneous thermoelectric power of the solid. Comparison of this component of thermoelectric power with the total thermoelectric power using Platinum electrodes offers a value of heterogeneous component. In addition to these measurements, the present approach also gives values of vacancy life time and vacancy mean free path. An estimate of effectiveness of vacancy traps can be obtained from considerations of mean free path. These parameters together elucidate the actual process involved in vacancy migration under driving forces

The Role of Adenosine in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system manifested by cognitive and memory deterioration, a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms, behavioral disturbances, and progressive impairment of daily life activities. Current pharmacotherapies are restricted to symptomatic interventions but do not prevent progressive neuronal degeneration. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed to intervene with these progressive pathological processes. In the past several years adenosine, a ubiquitously released purine ribonucleoside, has become important for its neuromodulating capability and its emerging positive experimental effects in neurodegenerative diseases. Recent research suggests that adenosine receptors play important roles in the modulation of cognitive function. The present paper attempts to review published reports and data from different studies showing the evidence of a relationship between adenosinergic function and AD-related cognitive deficits. Epidemiological studies have found an association between coffee (a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist) consumption and improved cognitive function in AD patients and in the elderly. Long-term administration of caffeine in transgenic animal models showed a reduced amyloid burden in brain with better cognitive performance. Antagonists of adenosine A2A receptors mimic these beneficial effects of caffeine on cognitive function. Neuronal cell cultures with amyloid beta in the presence of an A2A receptor antagonist completely prevented amyloid beta-induced neurotoxicity. These findings suggest that the adenosinergic system constitutes a new therapeutic target for AD, and caffeine and A2A receptor antagonists may have promise to manage cognitive dysfunction in AD

National Identity Card: Opportunities and Threats

The editorial board announced this article has been retracted on October 25, 2018.If you have any further question, please contact us at: [email protected]