Resting state functional connectivity of the default mode.

<p>Spatial maps of the default mode network for control subjects (A) and for stroke subjects (B). (C) Resting state functional connectivity differences between control and stroke subjects. Stroke subjects showed decreased functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate gyrus, medial prefrontal cortex and left medial temporal lobe. The statistical maps are superimposed onto the spatially normalized and averaged group T1-images.</p

Average power spectrum (± SEM) of the time course of the independent component that belongs to the default mode network is shown for both control and stroke subjects.

<p>The highest power density was observed in the low frequency domain (0.01–0.04 Hz) for both groups. No significant differences in frequency characteristics were observed between the control and stroke subjects.</p

Peak voxels for the default mode network component.

<p>Peak voxels of the regions for the independent component depicting the default mode network. These peak voxels were used for the region of interest (ROI) based analysis.</p>*<p>Left middle temporal gyrus was only significant at a lower threshold; this was obtained at a threshold of P<0.001 false-discovery rate (FDR) corrected. CS = Cluster size, R = Right, L = Left, MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute.</p

Demographic and neuropsychological characteristics of stroke and control subjects.

<p>Values represent means (SD), median (range), or proportion (%). Stroke patients performed significantly worse on MMSE (p = 0.038) and CVLT-delayed recall score (p = 0.034). On other neuropsychological tests, no significant differences were found. Education score of 5 means 10–11 years of education. MMSE = Mini Mental State Examination, CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test, NIHSS = National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. NA = not applicable.</p>a<p>Independent-samples t test.</p>b<p>Mann-Whitney test.</p>c<p>Chi-square analysis.</p

Region of interest (ROI) based analysis for the control and stroke subjects.

<p>The top panel displays the correlation coefficients matrices for every pair-wise region. The bottom panel displays the graph visualization of the correlation coefficient matrices thresholded at <i>r</i>>0.15. The bottom right represents the significant differences between control and stroke subjects; blue lines depicting stronger correlations in control with respect to stroke subjects at the threshold P<0.05, overlaid on the graph visualization of the stroke patients. In the opposite contrast, no stronger functional correlations were found in stroke subjects. mPFC = medial prefrontal cortex, PCC = posterior cingulate cortex, LIPar = left inferior parietal cortex, RIPar = right inferior parietal cortex, LspFr = left superior frontal cortex, RspFr = right superior frontal cortex, Ltemp = left middle temporal cortex, Rtemp = right middle temporal gyrus, LMTL = left medial temporal lobe, RMTL = right medial temporal lobe.</p

Group analyses of the independent component analysis revealing seven distinct resting state networks (default mode, dorsal attention, auditory, frontal, sensorimotor lateral and medial visual network).

<p>Group analyses of the independent component analysis revealing seven distinct resting state networks (default mode, dorsal attention, auditory, frontal, sensorimotor lateral and medial visual network).</p