Прямое действие и применение норм Конституции РФ: к вопросу о разграничении понятий

The article is devoted to the theoretical and practical problems of direct effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is the delineation of concepts of direct action and the direct application of the Constitution. The proposed topic is very relevant, because nowadays, when the Russian Federation is striving to build a rule-of-law state and a developed civil society, the theoretical and practical bases of the direct action of Constitution require a scientific justification.The methodological basis of the study was: a formal-logical method that made it possible to clarify the properties of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, distinguishing it from the statics and dynamics from other regulatory legal acts. The practice of direct enforcement of the Constitution was analyzed with formal-legal method.The authors analyzed theoretical material: the works of Vengerov A.B., Vitruk N.V., Grevtsov Yu.I., Kokotov A.N., Kravets I.A., Lychin V.O., Nevinskii V.V., Ebzeev B.S., - as well as empirical data - decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and other courts.The authors came to the conclusion that the direct effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is a legal feature of the norms of the Basic Law, that are implemented irrespective of the existence of normative legal acts that specify them. Even if it is necessary to specify the norms of the Constitution, clarifying rules are created on the basis of constitutional legal requirements and only develop them for the purpose of implementation. Direct application of the Constitutional rules is only one of the forms of its implementation, according to Art.15 (1) of Russian Constitution.Анализируются различные подходы к раскрытию закрепленных в ч. 1 ст. 15 Конституции РФ ее прямого действия и прямого применения. На основании исследованного материала выявляются различия между указанными терминами. Рассматривается практическое воплощение идеи прямого действия Конституции РФ посредством ее прямого применения, которое является лишь одной из форм реализации Основного закона, делающей прямое действие норм Конституции не просто лишь закрепленным постулатом, а влияющим на практику и имеющим значение для человека и гражданина юридическим свойством Конституции РФ

Direct effect and application of provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation: the question of the delimitation of concepts

The article is devoted to the theoretical and practical problems of direct effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is the delineation of concepts of direct action and the direct application of the Constitution. The proposed topic is very relevant, because nowadays, when the Russian Federation is striving to build a rule-of-law state and a developed civil society, the theoretical and practical bases of the direct action of Constitution require a scientific justification.The methodological basis of the study was: a formal-logical method that made it possible to clarify the properties of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, distinguishing it from the statics and dynamics from other regulatory legal acts. The practice of direct enforcement of the Constitution was analyzed with formal-legal method.The authors analyzed theoretical material: the works of Vengerov A.B., Vitruk N.V., Grevtsov Yu.I., Kokotov A.N., Kravets I.A., Lychin V.O., Nevinskii V.V., Ebzeev B.S., - as well as empirical data - decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and other courts.The authors came to the conclusion that the direct effect of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is a legal feature of the norms of the Basic Law, that are implemented irrespective of the existence of normative legal acts that specify them. Even if it is necessary to specify the norms of the Constitution, clarifying rules are created on the basis of constitutional legal requirements and only develop them for the purpose of implementation. Direct application of the Constitutional rules is only one of the forms of its implementation, according to Art.15 (1) of Russian Constitution

Through civil war, food crisis and drought: trends in fertility and nuptiality in post-Soviet Tajikistan

This article has two objectives. First, it aims to complement and extend existing research on post-socialist demographic change, which has thus far tended to focus on Central and Eastern Europe. It does this by describing the nature of post-Soviet trends in nuptiality and fertility in Tajikistan, the republic with the highest rate of population growth during the Soviet period. It finds evidence for a decrease in period fertility after independence: initially, through a decline at higher orders; then, through a significant decrease in the rate of first births, associated with a dramatic decrease in the rate of first union formation since the mid-1990s. Second, it aims to contribute to the demography of conflict and of food crisis. Most clearly, it finds strong evidence for a decrease in nuptiality and fertility associated with the 1995 food crisi