The impact of stereotype threat on endogenous poverty-elimination dynamics in generationally poor individuals

IntroductionThe study examines the impact of stereotype threat on generationally poor individuals and its effect on achievement motivation. It also explores the extent to which self-affirmation has an intervention effect on the negative impact of stereotype threat.Methods and resultsIn Study 1, statements that contained negative stereotypes were used to elicit stereotype threat in generationally poor individuals; the results show that stereotype threat reduced the performance of generationally poor individuals in a mental-rotation task. Study 2 used a questionnaire to measure the endogenous dynamics of generationally poor individuals attempting to escape poverty after experiencing stereotype threat; participants in the stereotype-threat group showed lower-level endogenous poverty-elimination dynamics than those in the control group. In Study 3, a self-affirmation intervention was administered to the stereotype-threat group after the stereotype threat was induced. Participants in the self-affirmation group were shown to have higher-level endogenous poverty-elimination dynamics than those in the control group.DiscussionThese findings confirm the negative effect of stereotype threat on endogenous poverty-elimination dynamics and verify the effectiveness of self-affirmation in mitigating the negative effects of stereotype threat

A Computational Method Based on the Integration of Heterogeneous Networks for Predicting Disease-Gene Associations

The identification of disease-causing genes is a fundamental challenge in human health and of great importance in improving medical care, and provides a better understanding of gene functions. Recent computational approaches based on the interactions among human proteins and disease similarities have shown their power in tackling the issue. In this paper, a novel systematic and global method that integrates two heterogeneous networks for prioritizing candidate disease-causing genes is provided, based on the observation that genes causing the same or similar diseases tend to lie close to one another in a network of protein-protein interactions. In this method, the association score function between a query disease and a candidate gene is defined as the weighted sum of all the association scores between similar diseases and neighbouring genes. Moreover, the topological correlation of these two heterogeneous networks can be incorporated into the definition of the score function, and finally an iterative algorithm is designed for this issue. This method was tested with 10-fold cross-validation on all 1,126 diseases that have at least a known causal gene, and it ranked the correct gene as one of the top ten in 622 of all the 1,428 cases, significantly outperforming a state-of-the-art method called PRINCE. The results brought about by this method were applied to study three multi-factorial disorders: breast cancer, Alzheimer disease and diabetes mellitus type 2, and some suggestions of novel causal genes and candidate disease-causing subnetworks were provided for further investigation

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Study on Wear Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Composite Coating Prepared by Laser Alloying

Titanium alloy has extensive applications in numerous fields, such as in aerospace, shipbuilding, petrochemical, and bio-medical. However, under the condition of high temperature (above 700 °C), it is difficult to meet the requirements of the performance of the turbine blades, piston rings, valves, etc. In this paper, the alloy powder is composed of Ni60A, TiN, Al, and Si in accordance with the proportion of 1:3:4:2 (mass ratio), and the composite coating, such as TiN, TiB, Ti5Si3, and Al3Ti were synthesized on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by Yttrium Aluminium Garnet(YAG) laser. The friction and wear experiments were carried out on Ti-6Al-4V alloy and alloyed coatings at different loads (3N, 6N, 9N), and different temperatures (25 °C, 350 °C, 700 °C). The impact of load and temperature on wear performance were analyzed by analyzing the friction traces. The results showed that the abrasion loss, wear width, and depth, wear volume, and wear ratio of the alloyed coatings were less than Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and the surface of furrow was shallow and the wear was less. However, under high temperature conditions, the alloy coating wears worse than Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and the high temperature wear resistance is not ideal

Underwater Laser Welding of Pure Ti: Oxidation and Hardening Behaviors

The local dry underwater laser welding of cp-Ti, with air as an assisting gas, and in a simulated underwater facility was researched, aiming to find a viable and economical method for repairing titanium alloy underwater vehicles in situ in the future. Macro-morphology, microstructure, and microhardness of the cp-Ti laser welds, as a function of welding parameters, were experimentally characterized. The oxidation and hardening behaviors of the welds were also studied in detail. It was found that local dry underwater laser welding with air assisted blowing is feasible for obtaining a complete and glossy weld. Compared with a weld in atmosphere, the cross-section morphology of the weld was almost unaffected by the special underwater welding environment. The weld presented a three-layer structure. High temperature and high pressure water vapor and local blowing are the direct causes of weld oxidation, and porosity defects further aggravate the oxidation behavior. The oxygen-enriched areas were mostly concentrated in the top area of the weld center and near the fusion zone, because of the higher number of grain boundaries and phase boundaries. In addition, the partial oxidation caused by local blowing and water vapor atmosphere, and also the higher strength acicular martensite caused by the rapid cooling effect of water, will lead to weld hardening. However, adjusting the welding process parameters, such as increasing the welding speed, can effectively reduce the microhardness of the weld. Our findings can provide an understanding of the influence of water environment on underwater laser welding, and verify the feasibility of a more economical method for the in situ repair of large underwater facilities

Characterization of the Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) Global Transcriptome Using Illumina Paired-End Sequencing and Development of EST-SSR Markers.

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an economically important natural fiber crop grown worldwide. However, only 20 expressed tag sequences (ESTs) for kenaf are available in public databases. The aim of this study was to develop large-scale simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to lay a solid foundation for the construction of genetic linkage maps and marker-assisted breeding in kenaf. We used Illumina paired-end sequencing technology to generate new EST-simple sequences and MISA software to mine SSR markers. We identified 71,318 unigenes with an average length of 1143 nt and annotated these unigenes using four different protein databases. Overall, 9324 complementary pairs were designated as EST-SSR markers, and their quality was validated using 100 randomly selected SSR markers. In total, 72 primer pairs reproducibly amplified target amplicons, and 61 of these primer pairs detected significant polymorphism among 28 kenaf accessions. Thus, in this study, we have developed large-scale SSR markers for kenaf, and this new resource will facilitate construction of genetic linkage maps, investigation of fiber growth and development in kenaf, and also be of value to novel gene discovery and functional genomic studies

Response of CarcininPm 1 from

Crustins are crucial antimicrobial peptides in shrimp and play very important roles in innate immunity. In this research, a Type I crustin from Penaeus monodon (CarcininPm1) contained 108 residues was studied. The first 16 residues are signal peptide. It contained ten cysteines but did not form an intact whey acidic protein (WAP) domain. CarcininPm1 was observed to widely distribute in all tissues, while highly expressed in intestine. The expression level of CarcininPm1 in hepatopancreas was up-regulated 12- 20 times during 4-12h post challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. And the transcription in heart, stomach and gills was also significantly enhanced at 4h post challenge. The mature peptide was expressed successfully in Eschericha coli by fusing to a SUMO protein, with protein production around 8 mg/mL. After cleavage with SUMO protease, carcininPm1 was obtained indicating its potential applications