Reproductive parameters and uric acid levels in postmenopausal women, including women currently under hormone replacement therapy, the KORA F4 study (n = 959).

<p>Abbreviations: CI: Confidence Interval, BMI: Body mass index, lsmean: least square means.</p>*<p>the p-values (linear model) are reported for age at menarche and parity as continuous variable.</p><p>Model 1: adjusted for age (in years).</p><p>Model 2: adjusted for age (in years) and BMI (kg/m²).</p><p>Model 3: adjusted for age (in years), BMI (kg/m²), serum creatinine (mg/dl), current use of uricosuric or uricostatic medication (yes/no), alcohol consumption (>20 g/d in %), current hypertension (yes/no), HDL cholesterol (mg/dl), total cholesterol (mg/dl), history of diabetes (yes/no) and education (years).</p>a<p>n = 693, due to missing values of age at menopause.</p

Association of uric acid values with i-IFG, i-IGT, IFG/IGT, NDD, and known diabetes (comparisons with NGT), KORA F4 study.

<p>Odds ratio (OR) expressed per mg/dL increment in uric acid concentration; if the confidence intervals around the odds ratios overlap, then the odds ratios are not significantly different</p>†<p>Model 1: adjusted for age and sex (only total sample).</p>‡<p>Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, actual hypertension, regular smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, and creatinine.</p>§<p>Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, actual hypertension, regular smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, creatinine, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol.</p>||<p>Model 4: adjusted for age, sex, actual hypertension, regular smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, creatinine, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and BMI.</p

Flow chart describing the selection and subsequent loss of participants.

<p>Flow chart describing the selection and subsequent loss of participants.</p

Characteristics of the study population, mean (SD) and prevalences (%) of variables according to quartiles of uric acid, KORA F4 study (women 32–81 years).

<p>Abbreviations: Q: quartile, BMI: body mass index, SD: standard deviation, OC: oral contraceptives, HRT: hormone replacement therapy, HDL: high density lipoprotein.</p><p>Data are expressed as mean (SD) or percentages respectively.</p><p>p-value: chi-square test was performed to test the difference between the parameters and continuous uric acid levels.</p>a<p>defined as use of antihypertensive medication, being aware of having hypertension or blood pressure values greater than 140/90 mmHg.</p>b<p>due to the skewed distribution of creatinine, the median and interquartile range is shown.</p>c<p>defined as postmenopausal women and women under hormone replacement therapy.</p>d<p>n = 693, due to missing values of age at menopause.</p

Mean uric acid levels stratified by reproductive parameters, the KORA F4 study (N = 1530).

<p>Abbreviations: CI: Confidence Interval, BMI: Body mass index, lsmean: least square mean.</p>*<p>the p-values (linear model) are reported for age at menarche and parity as continuous variable.</p><p>Model 1: adjusted for age (in years).</p><p>Model 2: adjusted for age (in years) and BMI (kg/m²).</p><p>Model 3: adjusted for age (in years), BMI (kg/m²), serum creatinine (mg/dl), current use of uricosuric or uricostatic medication (yes/no), alcohol consumption (>20 g/d in %), current hypertension (yes/no), HDL cholesterol (mg/dl), total cholesterol (mg/dl), history of diabetes (yes/no) and education (years).</p

Association of liver enzymes with glucose subgroups: Normal glucose tolerance NGT was used as reference, ORs are expressed per 1-SD increment in biomarker concentration.

<p>Multivariable-adjusted models included age, sex, education, BMI, hypertension, TC/HDL-cholesterol ratio, uric acid, CRP, alcohol intake, smoking status, and physical activity.</p

Association of fatty liver with glucose tolerance subgroups: Normal glucose tolerance was used as reference, fatty liver was defined in three different ways (A–C) as specified in the table.

<p>Multivariable-adjusted models included age, sex, education, BMI, hypertension, TC/HDL-cholesterol ratio, uric acid, CRP, alcohol intake, smoking status, and physical activity – BMI was not included in <b>C</b> because it was used to calculate the index.</p

Frequencies and association of fatty liver and glucose metabolism disturbance (pre-diabetes or diabetes) within BMI subgroups.

<p>Multivariable-adjusted models included age, sex, education, hypertension, TC/HDL-cholesterol ratio, uric acid, CRP, alcohol intake, smoking status, and physical activity.</p

Prevalences of the 13 chronic conditions.

<p>Prevalences of the 13 chronic conditions.</p

Number and percent of persons who could be assigned to the multimorbidity patterns.

<p>Results of Chi²-test for sex and age-group differences.</p