Does high sugar intake really alter the oral microbiota?: A systematic review

https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001561382GIOMET0000-0002-5435-345

Estado bucodental de adultos mayores institucionalizados mediante un programa público en Villavicencio, durante el primer semestre de 2014

Introducción. El proceso de envejecimiento implica cambios fisiológicos que, junto con otros factores, pueden derivar en enfermedades que incluyen las de cavidad oral. La caries, la enfermedad periodontal y las lesiones de la mucosa son las más frecuentes y su presencia condiciona en gran medida la calidad de vida del adulto mayor. Objetivo. Determinar el estado de salud bucodental de personas mayores institucionalizadas mediante un programa público de Villavicencio, en tres hogares geriátricos. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de adultos mayores donde se recolectó información personal (datos e historia clínica) y se aplicaron los índices (COP-D, Silness y Löe modificado, CPITN y GOHAI). Además, se recolectó información sobre manifestaciones en tejidos blandos y valoración del edentulismo. Resultados. El 48,5% de la población era totalmente edéndula y el 51,5% aún conservaban dientes, pero con un promedio de pérdida de 18 (± 7,2) dientes. De esta población, el 85,7% de los adultos mayores presentaron caries, el 74,1% presentó un factor de riesgo alto en el índice de placa bacteriana y gingival, el 33,3% presentaban enfermedad periodontal. Además, se detectó que el 19% de la población presentaba alguna lesión en la mucosa y que el 76,5% tenía una baja percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con su salud bucal. Conclusión: mediante la utilización de diferentes índices e instrumentos de valoración, se logró conocer el estado bucodental de adultos mayores institucionalizados bajo un programa público. Los resultados indican la necesidad de implementar estrategias y tratamientos que contribuyan a mejorar la salud oral de esta población vulnerable

Does high sugar intake really alter the oral microbiota?: A systematic review

Abstract Objectives Diet is one of the main factors influencing the diversity and interactions of the oral microbiota. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of sugar intake on the microbial diversity and bacteria that predominate under these conditions. Material and Methods A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guide, using the PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases and combinations of the words “microbiota,” “microbiology,” “bacteria,” “sugars,” “dysbiosis,” “caries,” “microbiome,” “oral microbial,” and “oral microbiota profile pattern.” The selection criteria included year, language, type of publication, comparison of microbiota during low and high sugar intake, and bacterial identification by molecular sequencing of the 16S subunit of ribosomal RNA. Results Out of a total of 374 papers that came up after the initial search, 8 met the criteria for this review. The papers included research on populations comprising children, young adults, and adults, with most of the studies reporting selection criteria for the participants and using validated instruments to determine sugar intake. Apart from one study, all others reported for high sugar intake conditions a significant decrease in microbial diversity of the oral microbiome and the predominance of several bacterial genera or species, including Streptococcus, Scardovia, Veillonella, Rothia, Actinomyces, and Lactobacillus. Conclusions Sugar‐rich diets have a significantly unfavorable effect on the diversity and balance of oral microbiota; however, further studies are required to determine the exact role of sugar in microbial interactions

The effect of commercial functional food with probiotics on microorganisms from early carious lesions

Abstract Caries rates in school-age children are still high enough to be the cause of serious concern for health systems in different countries. The biotechnology strategies studied to decrease these rates include the consumption of probiotics—available via a variety of functional foods obtainable on the market—that are able to inhibit bacteria associated with this disease. In this vein, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of these foods on the growth of microorganisms in early carious lesions in children aged between 6 and 12. In the first phase, an agar well diffusion method was applied to selected foods, available in supermarkets, which contain probiotics that have already been shown to inhibit Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), and to lower the pH in liquid culture media. In a second phase, these foods (n = 4) were examined in terms of their ability to inhibit the microorganisms in contact with early carious lesions in children and to reduce the pH of mixed cultures combined with the food. The results revealed that, of the foods tested, three inhibit the growth of microorganisms in carious lesions and, at the same time, lower the pH of the culture by more than 2.5 units. The food with the highest inhibitory capacity (14 mm, IQR 13–14) showed a similar effect among patients (P > 0.05), which together with the fact that its sugar concentration is less than 10%, makes it an ideal candidate for clinical study

Development and validation of a questionnaire to determine knowledge, attitudes and practices in antibiotics prescription in dentistry

Los estudios en otros países reportan una prescripción inadecuada de antibióticos por parte de los odontólogos. El objetivo de este estudio es validar un cuestionario para medir los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los odontólogos del Meta respecto a la prescripción de antibióticos. Métodos: el estudio consistió en 5 fases: 1. Diseño del instrumento con grupo focal. 2. Validez de contenido con un panel de expertos. 3. Prueba piloto con siete odontólogos. 4. Aplicación de la encuesta a 98 odontólogos, donde se determinó la confiabilidad, los índices psicométricos y la unidimensionalidad de las preguntas 5. Construcción de escalas para uniformizar los resultados. Resultados: en las fases 1 y 2, se diseñó un instrumento con un nivel adecuado de concordancia por parte de expertos (W de Kendalle en suficiencia: 0.68, concordancia: 0.69, relevancia: 0.72 y claridad: 0.81). En la fase 3 se detectó que la encuesta estaba muy extensa. En la fase 4, algunos ítems no cumplieron con indicadores psicométricos como la consistencia interna. Por tanto, se ajustó el instrumento a 36 ítems que cumplieron con todos los indicadores psicométricos [(correlación biserial > 0.0, índice de discriminación > = 0, índice de no respuesta entre 0-0.15 y unidimensionalidad (p = 0.93)] y con una consistencia interna global buena (KR = 0.81). En la fase 5, se establecieron los niveles de calificación. Conclusiones: el cuestionario desarrollado en este estudio es válido en términos de confiabilidad, índices psicométricos y unidimensionalidad. Así mismo, presentó adecuados índices de no respuesta y de confiabilidad, y una escala sencilla de calificación.Antibiotic prescription in dentistry is usually performed during the treatment of oral infections or as a prophylactic measure for patients at risk; however, studies in other countries report an inadequate prescription by dentists. The purpose of this study was to validate a questionnaire to identify the knowledge, attitudes, and practices around antibiotic prescription by dentists. Methods: the study was developed in five stages: 1. A survey was designed. 2. Content validity by an expert panel. 3. A pilot study. 4. Application of the questionnaire to determine its unidimensionality, reliability, and pychometric index. 5. The scales were standardized to present the results independently of the number of 1uestions. Results: in stages 1 and 2, a survey was developed showing an appropriate level of agreement by an expert panel (with the following Kendalle’s W values: sufficiency: 0.68; consistency: 0.69; relevance: 0.72; clarity: 0.81). Stage 3 showed that the questionnaire was too long. In stage 4, some items did not satisfy psychometric indicators such as internal consistency. Therefore, the instrument was adjusted to 36 items, improving the psychometric index [biserial correlation coefficient > 0.0, discrimination index > = 0, non-response index between 0-0.15, unidimensionality (p = 0.93)] and obtaining good internal consistency (KR = 0.81). In stage 5, the questionnaire was qualified with a percentile rank in three levels: low, medium, and high. Conclusions: the results from this study indicate an appropriate and validated survey, with adequate number of items and scale scores. All this despite the fact that antibiotic prescription by dentists is complex due other factors that determine this process.http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001561382GIOMEThttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5435-345

Evaluation of possible biomarkers for caries risk in children 6 to 12 years of age

Background: Electrolytes, proteins, and other salivary molecules play an important role in tooth integrity and can serve as biomarkers associated with caries. Objective: To determine the concentration of potential biomarkers in children without caries (CF) and children with caries (CA). Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected, and the biomarkers quantified in duplicate, using commercial Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits to determine IgA, fibronectin, cathelicidin LL-37, and statherin levels, as well as colorimetric tests to detect formate and phosphate. Results: Significantly higher concentrations of statherin was detected in the CF group (Median: 94,734.6; IQR: 92,934.6–95,113.7) compared to the CA2 group (90,875.0; IQR: 83,580.2–94,633.4) (p = 0.03). Slightly higher median IgA (48,250.0; IQR: 31,461.9–67,418.8) and LL-37 levels (56.1; IQR 43.6–116.2) and a lower concentration of formate were detected in the CF group (0.02; IQR 0.0034–0.15) compared to the group with caries (IgA: 37,776.42; IQR: 33,383.9–44,128.5; LL-37: 46.3; IQR: 40.1011–67.7; formate: 0.10; IQR: 0.01–0.18), but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The fact that these compounds have been identified as good markers for caries among European adults highlights the difficulty of identifying universal biomarkers that are applicable to all ages or to different populations.https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001561382GIOMET0000-0002-5435-345

Avances de la Investigación en Ingeniería

El texto está conformado por 31 capítulos, agrupados en 5 grandes áreas temáticas. En la primera parte se encuentran los trabajos relacionados con el tema de los Recursos Hidráulicos; en la segunda parte se tratan temas relacionados con la Planificación y Gestión del Territorio; la tercera parte está relacionada con el Manejo Integral de los Recursos Agua, Aire y Suelo; la cuarta parte incluye la Investigación Aplicada a la Ingeniería de Sistemas, y la última parte comprende la Investigación Aplicada a la Ingeniería Civil