Wpływ reklamy na decyzje zakupowe kobiet w branży odzieżowej

W niniejszej pracy dokonano analizy wpływu reklamy na decyzje zakupowe kobiet w branży odzieżowej. W części teoretycznej przedstawiono i omówiono zagadnienia związane z reklamą. Dokonano dogłębnej analizy jej genezy oraz zastosowano przegląd wybranych definicji za pomocą odpowiedniej literatury. Skupiono się przedstawieniu wad i zalet różnych typów reklamy. Badania zostały przeprowadzone za pomocą kwestionariusza ankiety. Pozyskane wyniki badań wykazały jak reklama wpływa na decyzje zakupowe kobiet w branży odzieżowej.Due to the decision of the decision to change the advertising decision to purchase in the clothing industry. In theoretical field, the issues related to advertising are presented and discussed. Its genes were thoroughly analyzed and its components were reviewed with the help of the relevant literature. The focus was on presenting the disadvantages and varieties of different types of advertising. The research was carried out using a search procedure. Obtained research results, such as advertising, which are aimed at purchasing decisions of women in the clothing industry

Rural women’s activity in different dimensions. Introduction

Aktywność kobiet była przez długi czas porównywana do działalności mężczyzn. Opisy relacji między nimi obarczone są wieloma stereotypami. Wraz ze wzrostem świadomości na temat znaczenia kobiet w sferze społecznej i publicznej w dyskursie pojawił się temat przebijania przez kobiety szklanego sufitu czy też sufitu z trawy (stosowanego w odniesieniu do kobiet działających w agrobiznesie), wskazujące na różnice płci jako barierę rozwoju i zmiany pozycji społecznej kobiet. Dotyczyło to zwłaszcza wsi, która jest postrzegana jako miejsce odgrywania przez kobiety tradycyjnych ról społecznych. Jednak ostatnie dziesięciolecia intensywnych przemian gospodarczych i społeczno-kulturowych oraz działania samych kobiet wpłynęły na kierunek i charakter przekształceń dokonujących się na wsi. W efekcie modyfikacjom uległy kody kulturowe definiujące kobiece i męskie role rodzinne, relacje pomiędzy nimi, a tym samym akceptowany zakres obowiązków i uprawnień. Przekształceniom uległy autodefinicje bycia kobietą i mężczyzną w przestrzeni prywatnej: rodzinnej, krewniaczo-sąsiedzkiej, ekonomicznej oraz publiczno-politycznej. Dotychczas pełnione role ulegają modyfikacjom uwzględniającym nowy ład kulturowy, inne zaś są dopiero tworzone. Konieczny jest więc ogląd sytuowania się kobiet na wsi przez pryzmat kultury, rozumianej jako dominujące kody kulturowe i wynikające z nich wzory zachowań, i usłyszenie, co na ten temat myślą.The activity of women was for a long time compared to the activity of men. Descriptions of reletions beetwen them are fraught with multiple stereotypes. As people became more aware of women’s importance in the social and public life, cases of women breaking through the glass or grass ceiling (with the latter used in relation to women in agribusiness) began to surface in the discourse, with traditional gender roles more frequently identified as an obstacle in women’s development and pursuit of a higher social position. This was particularly true of the countryside where women are expected to play their traditional social roles. However, the last decades of intense economic and socio-cultural transformation have had an impact on the direction and nature of change in rural areas, e.g. in the functioning of rural families. Consequently, cultural codes that define the female and male family roles, relations between them and the accepted scope of duties and powers, have been modified. Self-definitions of what it means to be a woman or a man in the private sphere – in the family, among relatives and neighbours, in the economic or public-political space – have evolved. The roles performed thus far are changing in the light of the new cultural order while new ones are being developed. It is therefore necessary to review the position of rural women through the prism of culture defined by means of the dominant cultural codes and the resulting behaviour patterns, and to hear what women think about it

A (re)construction of socio-cultural conditions in farms managed by women

The aim of this article was to study farmers’ opinions regarding the decisionmaking processes in family farm management and identify differences between women and men, also with regards to the gender-specific cultural patterns of behaviour. The scope of rural women’s responsibilities and expectations seems to grow with their attachment to the inhabited land. Those that do not migrate but start a family in the countryside are faced with increasingly more responsibilities and have less chance to find an economically attractive job in their place of living or within a commutable distance that would allow them to combine their roles. The actual and declared patterns of behaviour tend to differ. Regardless of who effectively makes the strategic decisions in the farm, it is more important what is communicated publicly as in line with the current cultural model of the farmer. The study shows that women do both the farmwork and the housework, regularly taking decisions, large and small, and performing an array of tasks in both areas. Nevertheless, women’s diversity in terms of roles and activities seems to demonstrate their pursuit of ‘emancipation’, narrowly defined as a shift in the scope of responsibilities, rather than attest to their increasing independence

From a Car-Oriented City to a Green Oasis? Participatory Approach in Urban Policy and the Emergence of Interest Groups

Celem artykułu jest próba określenia potencjału do krystalizacji grup interesu w partycypacyjnym zarządzaniu miastem. W pracy zarysowano podwaliny tego modelu oraz zwrócono uwagę, że wdrażanie przez samorząd paradygmatu partycypacyjnego oznacza włączenie we współrządzenie mieszkańców w odmiennymi oczekiwaniami. Wykorzystując dane Wrocławskiej Diagnozy Społecznej 2014, zidentyfikowano pięć potencjalnych grup interesu. Zdefiniowano także potencjał ich mobilizacji do wyrażania i obrony swoich interesów. Ustalono również, w jakim stopniu poziom zaangażowania obywateli w artykulację wspomnianych interesów wynika ze stylu życia, a jak dalece wpływa na to ulokowanie jednostek w strukturze społecznej. Końcowa część odpowiada na pytanie o koncyliacyjny i antagonistyczny potencjał wyodrębnionych orientacji, a także o przyszłość polityki miejskiej.The main goal of this article is to define the capacity for the emergence of interest groups within a participatory approach to city management. It is argued that the implementation of this approach in urban policy must take into account inhabitants’ expectations that are of very different nature. On the basis of the data collected within the framework of the Wroclaw Social Diagnosis 2014 research project, five most important dimensions of the social expectations have been identified. It has been found that the capacity for the emergence of the interest groups differs across the identified dimensions. The article demonstrates to what extent the level of social mobilization is determined by lifestyle and structural factors

Paracrine interactions through FGFR1 and FGFR2 receptors regulate the development of preimplantation mouse chimaeric embryo

The preimplantation mammalian embryo has the potential to self-organize, allowing the formation of a correctly patterned embryo despite experimental perturbation. To better understand the mechanisms controlling the developmental plasticity of the early mouse embryo, we used chimaeras composed of an embryonic day (E)3.5 or E4.5 inner cell mass (ICM) and cleaving 8-cell embryo. We revealed that the restricted potential of the ICM can be compensated for by uncommitted 8-cell embryo-derived blastomeres, thus leading to the formation of a normal chimaeric blastocyst that can undergo full development. However, whether such chimaeras maintain developmental competence depends on the presence or specific orientation of the polarized primitive endoderm layer in the ICM component. We also demonstrated that downregulated FGFR1 and FGFR2 expression in 8-cell embryos disturbs intercellular interactions between both components and results in an inverse proportion of primitive endoderm and epiblast within the resulting ICM and abnormal embryo development. This finding suggests that FGF signalling is a key part of the regulatory mechanism that assigns cells to a given lineage and ensures the proper composition of the blastocyst, which is a prerequisite for its successful implantation in the uterus and for further development

Correlation between CH2DS2-VASc Score and Serum Leptin Levels in Cardioembolic Stroke Patients: The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome

Objective. To determine adipokines levels in patients with different etiologic subtypes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) status. Methods. Serum adiponectin, leptin, and resistin levels were determined by ELISA in 99 AIS patients and 59 stroke-free control group subjects. Stroke patients were grouped based on MetS, modified TOAST classification, and CHA2DS2-VASc scale in case of cardioembolic stroke following atrial fibrillation. Results. No differences were found in all adipokine serum levels between AIS patients and appropriately matched control group. MetS-AIS patients had significantly higher leptin levels (22.71 ± 19.01 ng/ml versus 8.95 ± 9.22 ng/ml, p<0.001) and lower adiponectin levels (10.71 ± 8.59 ng/ml versus 14.93 ± 10.95 ng/ml, p<0.05) than non-MetS-AIS patients. In patients with cardioembolic stroke, leptin levels were significantly higher than in remaining stroke cases (19.57 ± 20.53 ng/ml versus 13.17 ± 12.36 ng/ml, p<0.05) and CHA2DS2-VASc score positively correlated with leptin levels only (p<0.001). Analysis of individual components of CHA2DS2-VASc score showed that hypertension, female gender, and diabetes had greatest impact on elevated serum leptin level. Conclusion. This pilot study revealed that leptin could be a potential biomarker for risk stratification of cardioembolic stroke in MetS patients and that heterogeneity of stroke subtypes should be considered for more refined and precise clinical stroke studies

Distinct characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in Poland

International audienceAbstract During the winter months of 2020/2021 a wave of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) emerged in Poland. We present the results of a nationwide register aiming to capture and characterise MIS-C with a focus on severity determinants. The first MIS-C wave in Poland was notably high, hence our analysis involved 274 children. The group was 62.8% boys, with a median age of 8.8 years. Besides one Asian, all were White. Overall, the disease course was not as severe as in previous reports, however. Pediatric intensive care treatment was required for merely 23 (8.4%) of children, who were older and exhibited a distinguished clinical picture at hospital admission. We have also identified sex-dependent differences; teenage boys more often had cardiac involvement (decreased ejection fraction in 25.9% vs. 14.7%) and fulfilled macrophage activation syndrome definition (31.0% vs. 15.2%). Among all boys, those hospitalized in pediatric intensive care unit were significantly older (median 11.2 vs. 9.1 years). Henceforth, while ethnicity and sex may affect MIS-C phenotype, management protocols might be not universally applicable, and should rather be adjusted to the specific population