Glucose concentrations and gradients (mmol/L).

<p>Glucose concentrations were measured in the arteries and veins on the maternal and fetal side of the placenta. *<i>p</i><0.001, paired t-test. Calculated parameters and their interpretations: Uteroplacental a-v difference = [Radial artery]-[Uterine vein] Reflects uteroplacental uptake per litre blood passing. Fetal v-a difference = [Umbilical vein]-[Umbilical artery]. Reflects fetal consumption per litre blood passing. Maternal-fetal gradient = [Radial artery]-[Umbilical artery]. Reflects transplacental transfer per litre blood passing.</p

Maternal and neonatal characteristics.

<p>^aOne woman stopped smoking when pregnancy was confirmed in first trimester</p><p>^bDefined after WHO-criteria. Plasma glucose ≥7.8mmol/L 2h after an oral glucose tolerance test of 75g glucose</p><p>^cUntrimmed, without blood clots</p><p>Maternal and neonatal characteristics.</p

Correlations between maternal and fetal glucose concentrations and gradients.

<p>A & B. The maternal arterial glucose concentration was significantly correlated to the glucose concentration in the umbilical vein, r = 0.86, <i>p</i><0.001, but not to the fetal v-a glucose difference, r = 0.3, <i>p</i> = 0.07. C & D. The fetal v-a glucose difference was significantly correlated to the maternal-fetal glucose gradient r = 0.8, <i>p</i><0.001 and the glucose concentration in the umbilical artery r = −0.38, <i>p</i> = 0.017.</p